Systematic review comparing the efficacy and safety of covered and uncovered self-expanding metal stents in benign airway stenosis

Table 3 Comparison between covered self-expanding metal stents, uncovered self-expanding metal stents and silicone stents, n (%)

	Patients with covered SEMS (n = 468)	Patients with uncovered SEMS (n = 432)	Silicone stent study (No. 1) (n = 263)	Silicone stent study (No. 2) (n = 63)	Silicone stent study (No. 3) (n = 58)	Silicone stent study (No. 4) (n = 75)
Successful insertions	511 (98.6)1	462 (88.2)2	181 (69.0)	-	-	70 (93.3)
Successful removals	305 (95.0)3	90 (93.8)4	117 (54.7)	-	-	49 (65.0)
Stent-related deaths	0 (0.0)	1 (0.2)	2 (0.8)	-	-	-
Stent complication rate
Stent migration	58 (12.4)	30 (6.9)	78 (18.6)5	62 (28.0)5	10 (17.2)	38 (51.0)
Granulation tissue formation	124 (26.5)	87 (20.1)	72 (17.2)5	-	-	-
Infection	6 (1.3)	57 (13.2)	-	-	14 (24.1)	-
Restenosis	7 (1.5)	46 (10.6)	24 (5.7)5	-	-	30 (40.0)
Stent fracture	12 (2.6)	32 (7.4)	-	-	1 (1.7)	-
Bleeding	0 (0.0)	25 (5.8)	-	-	-	1 (1.3)
Pneumothorax	0 (0.0)	12 (2.8)	-	-	-	5 (6.67)
Mucus plugging	7 (1.5)	4 (0.9)	-	131 (60.0)5	21 (36.2)	14 (19.0)
Others6	48 (10.3)	15 (3.5)	-	18 (8.0)5	6 (10.3)	-

¹Total of 518 insertions among patients (n = 468) with covered stents.

²Total of 524 insertions among patients (n = 432) with uncovered stents.

³Total of 321 removals among patients (n = 468) with covered stents.

⁴Total of 96 removals among patients (n = 432) with uncovered stents.

⁵Total of number of stents involved (instead of number of patients) were used to calculate complication rates. The 419 stents were inserted in patients in the silicone stent study (No. 1), 220 stents were inserted in patients in the silicone stent study (No. 2).

⁶Other complications include-halitosis, laryngeal oedema, bronchial obstruction, bronchomalacia, dyspnea, and a change in stent configuration.