Diabetes distress, the mediator of the poor glycemic control and depression: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Glycated hemoglobin among patients with diabetes distress and control subjects, mean ± SD

Ref.	Country	Study type	Diabetes distress HbA1c	Total number	Controls HbA1c	Total number	Results
Al-Ozairi et al[21]	Kuwait	Cross-sectional	9.2 ± 3.5	69	8.4 ± 2.49	396	Sig.
Alzughbi et al[22]	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional	9.4 ± 1.7	67	8.7 ± 1.7	233	Sig.
Ascher-Svanum et al[23]	Five European countries	Prospective	9.91 ± 2.09	289	9.39 ± 1.97	677	Sig.
Asuzu et al[24]	United States	Cross-sectional	7.9 ± 1.8	615	8.66 ± 1.8	615	Not sig.
Chen et al[25]	Taiwan	Cross-sectional	10.98 + 7.56	255	10.39 + 2.09	255	Not sig.
Cummings et al[26]	United States	Prospective	9.4 ± 0.3	45	8.8 ± 0.2	84	Sig.
Davis et al[27]	Australia	Prospective	6.87 ± 0.7	435	7.6 ± 0.8	93	Sig.
Guo et al[28]	Singapore	Cross-sectional	9.7 ± 1.4	62	9.4 ± 1.5	294	Not sig.
Hayashino et al[29]	Japan	Retrospective	7.9 ± 1.4	371	7.5 ± 1.1	2747	Not sig.
Ismail et al[30]	United Kingdom	Prospective	7.20 ± 1.61	111	6.98 ± 1.40	1540	Sig.
Khan and Choudhary[31]	United Kingdom	Cross-sectional	8.7 ± 1.8	24	7.7 ± 0.9	59	Sig.
Matsuba et al[32]	Three Asian countries	Cross-sectional	8.68 ± 1.63	671	7.77 ± 1.63	671	Sig.
Nguyen et al[33]	Vietnam	Cross-sectional	7.7 ± 1.4	14	7.1 ± 1.5	98	Sig.
Pandit et al[12]	United States	Prospective	9.3 ± 2.0	94	7.8 ± 1.7	391	Sig.
Park et al[34]	Korea	Retrospective	7.27 ± 0.7	589	6.97 ± 0.6	1293	Sig.
Schmitt et al[35]	Germany	Cross-sectional	8.8 ± 1.5	42	8.6 ± 1.7	221	Not sig.
Sidhu and Tang[36]	Canada	Cross-sectional	7.0 ± 0.9	20	7.0 ± 1.1	19	Not sig.
Totesora et al[37]	Philippines	Cross-sectional	9.0 ± 2.5	40	7.7 ± 1.7	47	Sig.

HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; Sig.: Significant.