Incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia in end-stage renal disease patients on denosumab therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Subcategory	Bird et al[17], 2024	Cowan et al[18], 2023	Chen et al[19], 2020	Iseri et al[23], 2019	Takami et al[20], 2017	Chen et al[21], 2015	Chen et al[22], 2014
Sample size	Denosumab	1523	174	21	22	17	24	12
	Control	1281	85	21	24	20	8	8
Female/male	Denosumab	1523/0	141/33	18/3	9/13	0/17	19/5	5/7
	Control	1281/0	48/37	12/9	9/15	0/20	2/6	3/5
Age in yr	Denosumab	74.5 ± 6.6	79.2 ± 7.7	62.14 ± 2.50	71.3 ± 10.5	72.8 ± 9.5	58.38 ± 2.77	53.5 ± 3.8
	Control	73.8 ± 6.5	78.0 ± 7.3	54.76 ± 2.00	71.5 ± 9.3	71.2 ± 11.0	58.50 ± 2.38	N/A
Serum calcium in mg/dL	Denosumab	9.3 ± 0.5	9.48 ± 0.16	9.96 ± 0.20	9.2 ± 0.5	9.2 ± 0.5	10.08 ± 0.16	10.1 ± 0.4
	Control	9.2 ± 0.6	9.4 ± 0.19	9.73 ± 0.20	9.3 ± 0.3	9.0 ± 0.5	10.30 ± 0.37	10.1 ± 0.3
Serum phosphate in mg/dL	Denosumab	4.7 ± 1.0	14.353 ± 0.67	5.50 ± 0.32	4.9 ± 1.1	5.0 ± 1.3	5.68 ± 0.29	5.3 ± 0.3
	Control	4.7 ± 1.1	14.477 ± 0.65	5.69 ± 0.21	4.6 ± 1.2	4.8 ± 1.2	5.79 ± 0.34	6.0 ± 0.3
Serum 25(OH)D in ng/mL	Denosumab	N/A	29.22 ± 12.34	27.01 ± 2.29	22.5 ± 9.5	N/A	30.04 ± 3.08	N/A
	Control	N/A	31.18 ± 14.05	25.16 ± 2.54	18.0 ± 9.3	N/A	32.36 ± 5.68	N/A
iPTH in pg/mL	Denosumab	N/A	295 ± 319.9	1310.50 ± 108.40	127.5 ± 83.2	150.2 ± 137.02	1464.77 ± 93.17	1702.1 ± 181.9
	Control	N/A	345.5 ± 456.81	1044.74 ± 61.24	138.4 ± 88.6	165.33 ± 98.14	974.58 ± 53.76	1300.1 ± 132.1
ALP in IU/L	Denosumab	N/A	N/A	268.38 ± 30.43	244.6 ± 60.8	276 ± 129	331.67 ± 48.86	449.8 ± 94.2
	Control	N/A	N/A	119.86 ± 8.85	265.9 ± 145.0	270 ± 69	112.50 ± 12.37	330.1 ± 81.3
BMI in kg/m2, mean ± SD	Denosumab	N/A	N/A	N/A	20.5 ± 2.7	21.6 ± 2.3	53.77 ± 1.74	N/A
	Control	N/A	N/A	N/A	21.1 ± 5.3	20.8 ± 2.3	62.48 ± 3.27	N/A
Diabetes	Denosumab	N/A	111 (63.8)	3 (14.3)	9 (40.9)	9 (52.9)	N/A	N/A
	Control	N/A	40 (47.1)	2 (9.5)	11 (45.8)	11 (55.0)	N/A	N/A
Use of vitamin D analogue	Denosumab	946 (62.1)	54 (31.0)	N/A	20 (90.9)	N/A	N/A	12 (100)
	Control	850 (66.4)	23 (27.1)	N/A	19 (79.2)	N/A	N/A	8 (100)

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; BMI: Body mass index; iPTH: Intact parathyroid hormone; N/A: Not applicable.