Vascular complications of liver abscess: A literature review

Table 2 The vascular thrombotic complications in association with pyogenic liver abscess

Ref.	Study, patient (s)	Types of vascular complications	Demographics	PLA size and location	Treatment	Outcomes
Syed et al[35], 2007, Canada	Retrospective study, PLA, n = 67	PVT (24%) and HVT (22%)	Mean age 55 years, male 80%	Mean, 8.5 cm, mainly right lobe	Standard treatment, detail NA	Thrombosis resolved in 37% within 6 months
Trad et al[67], 2022, United States	Case report, PLA	Pylephlebitis (PVT)	49 years male	5 cm × 3.5 cm, right lobe	Antibiotics and anticoagulation	Complete recovery
Molton et al[40], 2015 Singapore	Retrospective study, n = 169 KLA	Regional vein thrombosis	Median age 58 years, 71% male	Mean abscess size 67cm, both lobe	Antibiotics, drainage in 77% patients, anticoagulation in one patient	Complete recanalization in 73.2% cases, death in 3.6% patients
Wang et al[36], 2013 Taiwan	Retrospective study, n = 35, KLA	Pylephlebitis	Median age 57, 83% male	NA	Antibiotics	Longer hospital stay, but no mortality
Kubo et al[41], 2017, Japan	Case report, PLA (Morganella morganii)	PVT and Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis	59 years/male	PLA in segment VIII	Antibiotics, anticoagulants and surgery for diverticulitis	Stable clinical improvement
Güz et al[37], 2006, Turkey	Case report, PLA (Lactococcus lactis)	PVT	26 years/male	17 cm × 11 cm × 11 cm PLA, right lobe	Antibiotics, PD, and anticoagulants	Persistent PVT till 6 months
Shah and Bhatnagar[44], 2009, India	Case report, PLA	PVT and portal cavernoma	20-day neonate	5.1 cm × 5.8 cm PLA, right lobe	Antibiotics, surgical drainage	Stable improvement
Aggarwal et al[45], 2003, India	Case report, PLA (Staphylococcus aureus)	PVT and portal cavernoma	28-day, neonate	5 cm × 4 cm PLA, right lobe	Antibiotics	Stable improvement
Etienne et al[68], 2001, Australia	Case report, PLA (Fusobacterium nucleatum)	Pylephlebitis (PVT)	68 years/male	3-cm × 5-cm PLA, right lobe	IV antibiotics, anticoagulants	Complete resolution
Zhou et al[42], 2022, China	Case report, KLA	Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis	54 years/male	Multiple abscess, largest 59 mm × 49 mm, right lobe	Antibiotics, anticoagulants	Clinical improvement, no significant change in cerebral sinus thrombosis
Ogah et al[39], 2012, United Kingdom	Case report, PLA (Clostridium clostridioforme)	PVT	6 years/F	Multiple PLA	Antibiotics and PD	Complete recovery
Bagri et al[56], 2013, India	Case report, PLA	IVC and right atrial thrombosis	2 years 9 month boy	5 cm × 4.8 cm × 5.8 cm, right lobe	Antibiotics and surgery	Gradual complete improvement
Linsen et al[69], 2023, Netherlands	Case report, PLA (Escherichia coli and Fusobacteriumspp)	Pylephlebitis	42 years/male	Multiple abscesses, right lobe	Antibiotics, anticoagulants	Gradual improvement with complete resolution of abscess
Mehrotra et al[28], 1991, India	Case report, PLA (Staphylococcus aureus)	Acute Budd Chiari, IVC thrombosis	6 years/male	Right lobe liver abscess	Antibiotics and Surgical drainage	Complete recovery
Maffiolo et al[71], 2006, France	Case series, KLA	Thrombophlebitis of HV	42 and 55, male	Multiple abscesses right lobe	Antibiotics and PD	Complete improvement

KLA: Klebsiella liver abscess, IVC: Inferior vena cava; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; HVT: Hepatic vein thrombosis; PD: Percutaneous drainage; PLA: Pyogenic liver abscess.