Vascular complications of liver abscess: A literature review

Table 1 The vascular thrombotic complications in association with amebic liver abscess

Ref.	Study type	Vascular complication	Age /gender	LA size & site	Treatment	Outcomes
Sarda et al[32], 2010, India	Case series, n = 3	IVC thrombosis	21, 24, and 61 years/M	Large, caudate lobe	Antibiotics and PD	Complete resolution
Jesrani et al[43], 2020, India	Case report	PTE	26 years/M	Large, segment VIII	Antibiotics, PD, and anticoagulation	Stable clinical improvement
Sodhi et al[34], 2007, India	Case report	Hepatic vein and IVC thrombosis	57 years/M	Large, right lobe	Antibiotics, PD, and anticoagulation	Continued improvement
Martin et al[26], 2017, Canada	Case report	IVC and hepatic vein thrombosis	43 years/M	Large, caudate lobe	Antibiotics	Stable clinical improvement
Gupta et al[72], 2013, India	Case report	IVC thrombosis	6 years/M	Small, left lobe	Antibiotics + surgical thrombectomy	Complete resolution
Khan et al[73], 2009, Pakistan	Case report	IVC and right atrium thrombus	46 years/M	Large, right lobe	Antibiotics, PD, anticoagulation, and surgical thrombectomy	Complete recovery
Prendki et al[9], 2011, France	Case report	IVC and right atrial thrombosis, and PTE	23 years/M	Large, right lobe	Antibiotics, PD, and anticoagulation	Continued clinical improvement
McKenzie et al[10], 2015, United States	Case report	IVC and HV thrombosis, PTE	43 years/M	Large, left lobe	Antibiotics and anticoagulation	Stable clinical improvement
Goel et al[53], 2020, India	Case report	Bilhaemia, PVT, and HVT	64 years/M	Large, segment IV	Antibiotics, PD, and anticoagulation + biliary stenting	Complete improvement
Marak et al[17], 2023, India	Case series, n = 3	IVC thrombosis	38, 55 & 56 years/M	Large, both lobe	Antibiotics and PD	Stable improvement
Siddiqui et al[64], 2013, India	Case report	IVC and right atrial thrombus	2 years/M	Large, segment IV/VIII	Antibiotics, surgery, anticoagulation	Complete resolution of abscess
Ray et al[70], 2012, India	Case report	IVC thrombosis	47 years/M	Large, right lobe	Antibiotics and PD	Uneventful recovery
Méchaï et al[65], 2009, France	Case report	HVT (Budd-Chiari syndrome)	87 years/M	Large, right lobe	Antibiotics, PD, and anticoagulation	Progressive recovery
Thati and Nagral[66], 2014, India	Case report	IVC thrombosis with PTE	50 years/M	Large, segment VIII	Antibiotics, PD, and anticoagulation	Complete improvement
Priyadarshi et al[14], 2020, India	Prospective cohort, n = 62	Venous thrombosis in 43 (69%), including PVT, HVT and IVC thrombosis	Mean age 37 years/M 95%	Mean size 95 cm, both lobes	Antibiotics and PD	Partial resolution of thrombus and segmental atrophy of liver in 5 patients after 2 months

IVC: Inferior vena cava; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; HVT: Hepatic vein thrombosis; PD: Percutaneous drainage; PTE: Pulmonary thromboembolism.