Exploring influences and risk of bias of studies on return to sport and work after lateral ankle sprain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 5 Outcomes of return to sport

Ref.	Intervention + patients (n)	Rate of RTS	Time to RTS, d (± SD)	P value
Bouveau et al[32], 2022	Arthroscopic repair (19)	16 (76.2)	NR	NS
	Arthroscopic reconstruction (21)	14 (67.7)	NR
Hong et al[40], 2022	Arthroscopic Broström with isolated injury (122)	122 (100)	Mean = 68.6 (range: 58-105)	P = 0.004
	Arthroscopic Broström with associated injury (125)	125 (100)	Mean = 82.8 (range: 65-132)
Hou et al[30], 2022	Arthroscopic Broström (36)	NR	Mean = 13.2 (± 2.4)	P = 0.023
	Open Bröstrom (34)	NR	Mean = 18.7 (± 3.1)
Lee et al[41], 2019	Open Broström early return (8)	8 (100)	Mean = 88.16 (± 9.12)	NR
	Open Broström late return (10)	10 (100)	Mean = 145.92 (± 39.52)
Liu et al[43], 2022	Arthroscopic one anchor suture (30)	23 (76.7)	NR	NS
	Arthroscopic two anchor suture (34)	26 (76.5)	NR
May et al[44], 2022	Modified Broström (41)	22 (53.6)	NR	NR
Punt et al[28], 2015	Wii Fit™ (30)	NR	Mean = 27.4 (± 20.3)	NS
	Physical Therapy 930)	NR	Mean = 39.7 (± 24.9)
	No treatment (30)	NR	Mean = 23.0 d (± 15.5)
Razzano et al[29], 2019	Electric Therapy (32)	2 month = 23 (71.9); 4 month = 27 (84.3)	NR	2 month, P = 0.029; 4 month, NS
	No treatment (29)	2 mo = 16 (55.2); 4 mo = 24 (82.7)	NR
Takao et al[31], 2020	A1: Unilateral arthroscopic repair (43)	NR	Mean = 41.6 d (± 18.2)	Group A vs group B, P < 0.001; group A1 vs group A2, NS; group B1 vs group B2, P = 0.001
	A2: Bilateral arthroscopic repair (16)	NR	Mean = 44.6 d (± 22.5)
	B1: Arthroscopic repair + ankle stabilization + postop nonweight bearing (22)	NR	Mean = 70.7 d (± 23.1)
	B2: Arthroscopic repair + ankle stabilization + postop weight bearing (12)	NR	Mean = 45.0 d (± 13.7)
Wang et al[34], 2023	Arthroscopic Broström (30)	21 (70.0)	Mean = 15.1 wk (± 7.8 wk)	NS
	Open Broström (31)	22 (71.0)	Mean = 17.2 wk (± 9.3 wk)
White et al[23], 2016	Modified Broström, isolated injury	NR	Median = 77 (range: 56-127)	P < 0.001
	Modified Broström, associated injuries	NR	Median = 105 (range: 82-178)

Data are n (%). NR: Not reported; NS: Not significant; RTS: Return to sport; SD: Standard deviation.