Evidence relating cigarettes, cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions

Table 3 Details of the 31 studies of stroke

Study IDa	Ref.	Country	Design	Study population	Start year	Yr followed	Ageb	Sexc	Cases	Adjustd	Excle	Latencyf	Endpoint	NRRg
7CNTRY-ITALY	[47]	Italy	Cohort	Regional	1960	50	40-59	M	225	3	0	0	Died	1
ARIC	[48]	USA	Cohort	National	1987	30	45-64	C	1106	0, 14	0	0	Diagnosed	2
BIOBANK	[70]	UK	Cohort	National	2006	12	40-69	M, F	4662	2	0	0	Diagnosed	2
CALIBER	[39]	UK	Cohort	GP records	1997	13	30+	F	11842	1	0	0	Diagnosed	1
CPS-II	[50]	USA	Cohort	National	1982	22	30+	C	5582	0, 23	0	0	Died	2
CaCHS	[38]	Canada	Cohort	Regional	2001	13	20+	M, F	1636	15	0	0	Diagnosed	2
	[71]	Canada	Cohort	Regional	2001	11	20+	M, F	1636	0	0	0	Diagnosed	2
ELSA	[52]	UK	Cohort	National	2004	13	52+	C	326	0, 7	0	0	Diagnosed	2
EPIC-10	[54]	Multi	Nested CC	International	1991	19	35-70	C	2187	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
EPIC-ITALY	[72]	Italy	Cohort	Regional	1993	15	35-74	M, F	386	0, 2, 10	0	0	Diagnosed	6
EPIC-SPAIN	[73]	Spain	Cohort	Regional	1992	16	29-69	F	301	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
EPIC-UK	[55]	UK	Cohort	Regional	1993	14	45-79	C	385	0, 2, 6	0	0	Diagnosed	3
ESTON-GENOME	[41]	Estonia	Cohort	National	2002	13	18+	M, F	156	0, 1	0	0	Died	4h
HAPIEE	[57]	Multi	Cohort	International	2002	9	NAR	C	109	0	0	0	Died	1
HSE-SHS	[58]	UK	Cohort	National	1994	17	NAR	C	690	0, 7	0	0	Died	2
JACC	[59]	Japan	Cohort	Regional	1988	21	40-79	M, F	3163	0, 7, 9	x	0	Died	4
JHS	[74]	USA	Cohort	Regional	2000	15	21-84	C	183	0, 11	0	0	Diagnosed	2
JP8	[75]	Japan	Cohort	National	1983	30	40+	M	3487	0	0	0	Died	1
MALMO	[76]	Sweden	Cohort	Regional	1991	22	46-67	C	305	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
MESA	[62]	United States	Cohort	Regional	2000	11	45-84	C	180	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
MILLION	[28]	United Kingdom	Cohort	National	1996	19	46-66	F	8103	8	0	0	Diagnosed	1
NFBC	[77]	Finland	Cohort	Regional	1966	49	14-46	C	352	0, 10	0	0	Diagnosed	2
NHIS	[78]	United States	Cohort	National	1987	24	18-95	C	2046	0, 5	x	0	Died	2
	[79]	United States	Cohort	National	1987	14	18-95	C	2046	0, 8, 9	0	x	Died	3
	[80]	United States	Cohort	National	1987	28	40-79	M	2046	0, 1, 9	0	x	Died	3
NHS	[64]	United States	Cohort	Medical workers	1989	17	43-68	F	3288	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
NIH-AARP	[81]	United States	Cohort	Regional	2004	7	70+	C	1369	0, 4	0	0	Died	2
NLMS	[82]	United States	Cohort	National	1985	26	35-80	C	3083	0, 1, 5	x	0	Died	3
OHASAMA	[83]	Japan	Cohort	Regional	1998	12	60+	C	293	2	x	0	Diagnosed	1
PREVEND	[66]	Netherlands	Cohort	Regional	2001	9	32-80	C	83	0, 2, 10	0	0	Diagnosed	3
SCCS	[84]	United States	Cohort	Regional	2002	11	40-79	C	389	7	0	0	Died	1
USA5	[67]	United States	Cohort	Regional	2000	11	55+	M, F	9821	0, 5	0	0	Died	4
WHITEHALL	[69]	United Kingdom	Cohort	Civil servants	1967	43	40-69	M	1061	1	0	0	Diagnosed	1
WHS	[46]	United States	Cohort	National	1992	26	45+	F	887	0, 14	0	0	Diagnosed	2

^aStudy IDs are 7CNTRY-ITALY: Italian Rural Areas of the Seven Countries Study; ARIC: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; BIOBANK: The UK Biobank Study; CALIBER: cardiovascular disease research using linked bespoke studies and electronic health records; CPS-II: Cancer Prevention Study 2; CaCHS: Canadian Community Health Survey; ELSA: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; EPIC-10: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; EPIC-ITALY: Italian European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; EPIC-SPAIN: Spanish European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; EPIC-UK: The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer -Norfolk; ESTON-GENOME: Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu; HAPIEE: Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) project; HSE-SHS: Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey; JACC: Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study; JHS: Jackson Heart Study; JP8: Pooled analysis of eight prospective studies in Japan; MALMO: Malmö Diet and Cancer Study; MESA: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; MILLION: Million Women Study; NFBC: Northern Finland Birth Cohort; NHIS: National Health Interview Survey; NHS: Nurses’ Health Study; NIH-AARP: National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study; NLMS: National Longitudinal Mortality Study; OHASAMA: The Ohasama Study; PREVEND: Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease; SCCS: Southern Community Cohort Study; USA5: Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition, Nurses’ Health Study I, Women’s Health Initiative cohort, National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study; WHITEHALL: The Whitehall Study, and WHS: Women’s Health Study.

^bNAR: No age restriction specified.

^cC: Results only for sexes combined.

^dNumber of adjustment factors for which relative risk (RR) available (0 = unadjusted, 1 = age adjusted, N>1 = adjusted for N factors).

^ex: Results available for exclusive use.

^fx: Results available with deaths excluded in early period of follow-up.

^gNumber of RRs available.

^hSome of the RRs used from this study came from personal communication from Professor Koks.