Evidence relating cigarettes, cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke: Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions

Table 2 Details of the 23 studies of ischaemic heart disease

Study IDa	Ref.	Country	Design	Study population	Start year	Yr followed	Ageb	Sexc	Casesd	Adjuste	Exclf	Latencyg	Endpoint	NRRh
7CNTRY-ITALY	[47]	Italy	Cohort	Regional	1960	50	40-59	M	319	3	0	0	Died	1
ARIC	[48]	United States	Cohort	National	1987	30	45-64	C	1798	0, 15	0	0	Diagnosed	2
BIOBANK	[49]	United Kingdom	Cohort	National	2006	12	40-69	C	547	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
CALIBER	[39]	United Kingdom	Cohort	GP records	1997	13	30+	F	16800	1	0	0	Diagnosed	1
CPS-II	[50]	United States	Cohort	National	1982	22	30+	C	13478	0, 23	0	0	Died	2
CoCHS	[51]	Denmark	Cohort	Regional	1991	22	20-93	F	900	1	0	0	Diagnosed	1
ELSA	[52]	United Kingdom	Cohort	National	2004	13	52+	C	352	0, 7	0	0	Diagnosed	2
EPIC-10	[53]	Multi	Cohort	International	1991	19	35-70	M, F	7198	0	0	0	Diagnosed	2
	[54]	Multi	Nested CC	International	1991	19	35-70	C	7198	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
EPIC-UK	[55]	United Kingdom	Cohort	Regional	1993	14	45-79	C	2332	0, 2, 6	0	0	Diagnosed	3
ESTON-GENOME	[41]	Estonia	Cohort	National	2002	13	18+	M, F	696	0, 1	0	0	Died	4i
FINRISK	[56]	Finland	Cohort	National	1982	25	25-74	F	NR	3, 8	0	0	Died	2
HAPIEE	[57]	Multi	Cohort	International	2002	9	NAR	C	225	0	0	0	Died	1
HSE-SHS	[58]	United Kingdom	Cohort	National	1994	17	NAR	C	1412	0, 7	0	0	Died	2
JACC	[59]	Japan	Cohort	Regional	1988	21	40-79	M, F	1554	0, 7, 9	x	0	Died	4
MALMO	[60]	Sweden	Cohort	Regional	1991	22	46-67	M, F	3217	0, 6	0	0	Diagnosed	4
MESA	[61]	United States	Cohort	Regional	2000	11	45-84	C	449	1, 14	0	0	Diagnosed	3
	[62]	United States	Cohort	Regional	2000	11	45-84	C	449	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
NAS	[63]	United States	Cohort	Regional	1991	20	NAR	F	137	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
NHS	[64]	United States	Cohort	Medical workers	1989	17	43-68	F	3874	0	0	0	Diagnosed	1
NHS-II	[65]	United States	Cohort	Medical workers	1991	20	25-42	F	456	1, 15	0	0	Diagnosed	2
PREVEND	[66]	Netherlands	Cohort	Regional	2001	9	32-80	C	212	0, 2, 10	0	0	Diagnosed	3
USA5	[67]	United States	Cohort	Regional	2000	11	55+	M, F	29931	0, 5	0	0	Died	4
WHI	[68]	United States	Cohort	National	1993	20	50-79	F	2975	11	0	0	Died	1
WHITEHALL	[69]	United Kingdom	Cohort	Civil servants	1967	43	40-69	M	3250	1	0	0	Died	1

^aStudy IDs are 7CNTRY-ITALY: Italian Rural Areas of the Seven Countries Study; ARIC: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; BIOBANK: The UK Biobank Study; CALIBER: Cardiovascular disease research using linked bespoke studies and electronic health records; CPS-II: Cancer Prevention Study 2; CoCHS: The Copenhagen City Heart Study; ELSA: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; EPIC-10: European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition; EPIC-UK: The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer -Norfolk; ESTON-GENOME: Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu; FINRISK: The National FINRISK Study; HAPIEE: Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) project; HSE-SHS: Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey; JACC: Japanese Collaborative Cohort Study; MALMO: Malmö Diet and Cancer Study; MESA: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; NAS: Normative Aging Study; NHS: Nurses’ Health Study I; NHS-II: Nurses’ Health Study II; PREVEND: Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease; USA5: Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition, Nurses’ Health Study I Women’s Health Initiative cohort, National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study; WHI: Women’s Health Initiative; WHITEHALL: The Whitehall Study.

^bNAR: No age restriction specified.

^cC: Results only for sexes combined.

^dNR: Not reported.

^eNumber of adjustment factors for which relative risk (RR) available (0 = unadjusted, 1 = age adjusted, N>1 = adjusted for N factors).

^fx: Results available for exclusive use.

^gNo study excluded deaths in the early period of follow-up.

^hNumber of RRs available.

ⁱSome of the RRs used from this study came from personal communication from Professor Koks.