Overview of angiogenesis and oxidative stress in cancer

Table 1 Proliferation, migration, and differentiation by several factors/inductors implicated in angiogenesis

Inductors	Proliferation	Migration	Differentiation
Heparin-binding peptide growth factors
VEGF	Yes	Yes	Yes
PlGF	Weak	Yes	Unknown
FGF-1, FGF-2	Yes	Yes	Yes
PTN	Yes	Unknown	Yes
HIV-tat protein	Weak	Weak	Yes
PDGF	Yes	Yes	Yes
HGF/SF	Yes	Yes	Yes
Peptide growth factors that do not bind heparin
TGF-α	Yes	Yes	Yes
TGF-β	Inhibition	No	Yes
EGF	Yes	Yes	Yes
IGF-I	Yes	Yes	Yes
Inflammatory mediators
TNF-α	Inhibition	No	Yes
IL-8	Yes	Yes	Unknown
IL-3	Yes	Yes	Yes
Prostaglandins E1, E2	No	No	Yes
Enzymes
PD-ECGF/TP	No	Yes	Unknown
COX-2	No	Yes	Yes
Angiogenin	No	Yes	Yes
Hormones
Estrogen	Yes	Yes	Yes
Proliferin	Unknown	Yes	Unknown
Oligosaccharides
Hyaluronan oligosaccharides	Yes	Yes	Yes
Gangliosides	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Hematopoietic factors
Erythropoietin	Yes	Unknown	Yes
G-CSF	Yes	Yes	Unknown
GM-CSF	Yes	Yes	Unknown
Cell adhesion molecules
VCAM-1	No	Yes	Unknown
E-selectins	No	Yes	Yes
Integrins	No	Yes	Yes
Semaphorins (Sema3 e 4D)	No	Yes	Yes
Other
Nitric oxide	Yes	Unknow	Unknow
Angiopoietin-1	No	Yes	Yes

COX-2: Cyclooxygenase 2; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; HGF/SF: Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; IL: Interleukin; PD-ECGF/TP: Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase; PlGF: Placental growth factor; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; PTN, Pleiotrophin; TGF: Transforming growth factor; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; VCAM: Vascular cell adhesion molecule.