Cap-assisted endoscopy for esophageal foreign bodies: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Study type	Location	# of patients	Male %	Mean age conventional endoscopy	Mean age cap-assisted endoscopy	Type of FBs
Ooi et al[12], 2021	RCT	Australia	342	70.5	53.6 ± 14.7	54.7 ± 15.2	Food bolus
Fang et al[4], 2020	Retrospective Cohort	China	448	55.4	62.4 ± 18.2	62.8 ± 16.7	Jujube pit, fish bones, poultry bones, food bolus, other sharp objects
Wahba et al[15], 2019	Prospective Cohort	Egypt	216	46.2	52.9	51.7	Food bolus
Ooi et al[16], 2018	Retrospective Cohort	Australia	199	69.8	60.8 ± 19.8	57.5 ± 20.2	Food bolus
Zhang et al[19], 2013	RCT	China	70	58.6	48.9 (23-74)	47.6 (19-73)	Fish bone, chicken bones
Zhang et al[14], 2010	Retrospective cohort	China	30	NA	NA	NA	Fish bone, jujube pit, food bolus, coin or metal

RCT: Randomised controlled trial; FB: Foreign body; NA: Not available.