Review with meta-analysis relating North American, European and Japanese snus or smokeless tobacco use to major smoking-related diseases

Table 4 Relative risks in analyses of ischaemic heart disease/acute myocardial infarction and stroke in relation to current snus use among never smokers in Scandinavia

Study	Source1	Current vs never		Current vs non		Adjustmentfactors2
		IHD/AMI	Stroke	IHD/AMI	Stroke
CWC	Bolinder et al[17], 1994	-	-	1.35 (1.13-1.62)3	1.29 (0.83-1.99)3	Age, res
CWC	Hergens et al[23], 2007	1.02 (0.92-1.14)	-	1.03 (0.93-1.15)	-	Age, BMI, res
CWC	Hergens et al[24], 2008	-	1.05 (0.95-1.17)	-	1.06 (0.96-1.18)	Age, BMI, res
CWC	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	-	-	1.01 (0.90-1.14)	1.03 (0.90-1.17)	Age, BMI4
MALMÖ	Janzon and Hedblad[27], 2009	-	-	0.75 (0.30-1.80)	0.59 (0.20-1.50)	Age, BMI, dia, hyp, mar, occ, phys
MALMÖ	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	-	-	1.00 (0.37-2.70)	1.23 (0.50-2.99)	Age, BMI4
MONICA	Asplund et al[15], 2003	-	-	-	0.87 (0.41-1.83)	Age, chol, cohort, edu, dia, hyp, mar, year
MONICA	Wennberg et al[31], 2007	0.82 (0.46-1.43)	-	0.85 (0.48-1.50)	-	Age, BMI, chol, edu, phys, res, year
MONICA	Huhtasaari et al[25], 1992	-	-	0.89 (0.62-1.29)	-	Age
MONICA	Huhtasaari et al[26], 1999	-	-	0.58 (0.35-0.94)	-	Age, chol, dia, edu, her, hyp, mar, res
MONICA	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	-	-	0.77 (0.35-1.69)	0.65 (0.23-1.80)	Age, BMI4
NMC		-	-	No IHD cases in current snus users	1.28 (0.40-4.10)	Age, BMI4
SALLS		1.41 (0.61-3.28)	-	-	-	Age, BMI, dia, hyp, phys
SALT	Hansson et al[19], 2009	0.85 (0.51-1.41)	1.18 (0.67-2.08)	0.85 (0.51-1.40)	1.15 (0.66-2.02)	Age, chol, dia, hyp
SALT	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	-	-	1.56 (0.98-2.48)	0.98 (0.52-1.83)	Age, BMI4
Scania-PHC		-	-	1.90 (0.90-4.00)	3.17 (1.50-6.70)	Age, BMI4
Stockholm-PHC		-	-	1.21 (0.48-3.08)	0.58 (0.14-2.45)	Age, BMI4
ULF		-	-	1.15 (0.54-2.41)	1.01 (0.35-2.92)	Age, heal, ill, phys, res, ses
Two Counties		0.73 (0.35-1.50)	-	0.73 (0.35-1.51)	-	Age, area
WOLF		-	-	3.30 (0.63-17.1)	0.96 (0.28-3.30)	Age, BMI4

¹See Table 2 for source if the study is only analysed by one publication or by the two pooled analyses by Hansson et al[20] only.

²Abbreviations used: BMI: Body mass index; chol: Cholesterol; dia: Diabetes; edu: Education; heal: Self-reported health; her: Heredity; hyp: Hypertension; ill: Self-reported longstanding illnesses; mar: Marital status; occ: Occupation; phys: Physical activity; res: Region of residence; ses: Socioeconomic status; year: Recruitment year.

³Estimated from results given for two groups by age at entry to the study.

⁴Body mass index adjusted for in the analyses of stroke, but not acute myocardial infarction.

All results are for men. Where results in any row are given for both comparison groups (never and non) for the same disease, the result for the comparison group non were estimated from data provided in the source paper.