Review with meta-analysis relating North American, European and Japanese snus or smokeless tobacco use to major smoking-related diseases

Table 3 Studies considered in analysis of current snus use among non-smokers in Scandinavia

Study1	Source	Study type2	Timing	Population	Diseases considered	Unexposed snus3
CWC	Bolinder et al[17], 1994	P	1971-74 to 1985	Construction workers	LC, IHD, stroke	Non
	Hergens et al[23], 2007		1978-93 to 2004		AMI	Never
	Luo et al[29], 2007		1978-92 to 2004		LC	Never
	Hergens et al[24], 2008		1978-92 to 2003		CVD	Never
	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014		1978-93 to 2004		AMI, stroke	Non
MALMÖ	Janzon and Hedblad[27], 2009	P	1991-96 to 2004	Population-based, Malmö city	AMI, stroke	Non
	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014				AMI, stroke	Non
MONICA	Asplund et al[15], 2003	NCC	1986-99 to 2000	Population-based, Norrbotten and Västerbotten counties	CVD	Non
	Wennberg et al[31], 2007	NCC	1986-99 to 1999		AMI	Never
	Huhtasaari et al[25], 1992	CC	1989-91		AMI	Non
	Huhtasaari et al[26], 1999	CC	1991-93		AMI	Non
	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	P	1986-2004 to 2004		AMI, stroke	Non
NMC	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	P	1997 to 2004	Participant in charity walk	AMI, stroke	Non
NORWAY	Boffetta et al[16], 2005	P	1964-67 to 2001	Population sample and relatives of emigrants	LC	Ever vs never
SALLS	Johansson et al[28], 2005	P	1988-89 to 2000	Civilian non-institutionalized	IHD	Non
SALT	Hansson et al[19], 2009	P	1998-2002 to 2005	Twins born in Sweden 1926-1958	IHD, stroke	Never
	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014		1998-2002 to 2004		AMI, stroke	Non
Scania-PHC	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	P	2002 to 2004	Population-based, Skåne County	AMI, stroke	Non
Stockholm-PHC	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	P	2002 to 2004	Population-based, Stockholm County	AMI, stroke	Non
ULF	Haglund et al[18], 2007	P	1988-89 to 2003	Civilian, non-institutionalized	IHD, stroke	Non
Two Counties	Hergens et al[22], 2005	CC	1992-94	Randomly selected, Stockholm and Västernorrland counties	AMI	Never
WOLF	Hansson et al[20], 2012; Hansson et al[21], 2014	P	1992-98 to 2004	Employed in three counties	AMI, stroke	Non

¹CWC: Construction workers cohort; MONICA: Monitoring of trends in cardiovascular disease; NMC: National March Cohort; PHC: Public Health Cohort; SALLS: Swedish Annual Level of Living Survey; SALT: Screening across the lifespan twin study; ULF: Swedish survey of living conditions; WOLF: Work, lipids and fibrinogen.

²CC: Case control; NCC: Nested case control, P: Prospective.

³Exposed group: Current unless stated. In some studies the unexposed group may include non-regular tobacco users.