Temporary coronary sinus pacing to improve ventricular dyssynchrony with cardiogenic shock: A case report

Table 1 Summary of case reports or case series of temporary transvenous pacing through the coronary sinus

Ref.	Setting			Age, gender	Baseline cardiac rhythm	Indication of pacing	Additional lead /pacing mode	Outcome
Case report
Gimbel[4], 2005		Prior to biventricular pacemaker placement		41, M	QRS duration > 120 ms	Assess the benefit of CRT	RA and RVA lead/AAI, DDD-RV, and DDD-BiV	↑ Cardiac output
Osman et al[5], 2008		Cardiogenic shock		77, F	Left bundle branch block and intermittent AV block	Unstable bradycardiaLV pacing	No additional lead/VVI	Shock reversal
Segreti et al[6], 2013		Prior to hip surgery		82, M	Normal AV conduction multiple episodes of VT	Overdrive atrial pacing to suppress VT	No additional lead/Not specified	Resolution of VT
Vyas and Lokhandwala[8], 2018		Post-CABG		45, M	Normal AV conduction frequent PVC	Overdrive atrial pacing to suppress PVC and VF	No additional lead/Not specified	Resolution of PVC
Our case		Cardiogenic shock		55, F	Sinus bradycardia prolonged QTc interval; Multiple episodes of VT	Unstable bradycardia; Overdrive atrial pacing to suppress VT	No additional lead/AOO	Shock reversal
Case series
McNulty et al[3], 2004 (10 pts)		Percutaneous coronary intervention	N/A		Not documented	Assess the feasibility of pacing through CS	No additional lead/VVI	Eight pts: successful procedures
Eitel et al[7], 2013 (15 pts)		Cardiogenic shock and signs of LV asynchrony	N/A		LV asynchrony (e.g., QRS > 150 ms and poor LV function)	LV pacing to reduce ventricular dyssynchrony	RA lead/VVI in AFib, DDD in others	10 pts (67%): ↑ cardiac output

CRT: Cardiac resynchronization therapy; RA: Right atrium; RVA: Right ventricle apex; AV: Atrioventricular; LV: Left ventricle; VT: Ventricular tachycardia; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; PVC: Premature ventricular complex; VF: Ventricular fibrillation; Pts: Patients; N/A: Not applicable; CS: Coronary sinus; AFib: Atrial fibrillation.