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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Clin Cases. Aug 26, 2020; 8(16): 3405-3410
Published online Aug 26, 2020. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i16.3405
Table 1 Mechanisms of injury
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptorExpression on cholangiocytes (predominantly), hepatocytes
Immune mediatedActivation of system inflammatory response syndrome. Generation of a cytokine storm and pro-inflammatory state with multi-organ dysfunction. Stimulation of innate and cellular immunity. Activation of T killer lymphocytes
MedicationsAcetaminophen. Antivirals (Remdesivir, lopinavir/Ritonavir, Oseltamavir). Antibiotics (macrolides). Janus kinase inhibitors. Methotrexate. Tocilizumab
Hypoxia-reperfusion injuryHypotension and hypoxemia leading to hepatic ischemia