Craving variations in patients with substance use disorder and gambling during COVID-19 lockdown: The Italian experience

Table 1 Primary substance of abuse/pathological behavior

Substance/pathological behavior	n	%
Cocaine	66	43.1
Alcohol	39	25.5
THC	24	15.7
Gambling	12	7.9
Heroin	9	5.7
Ketamine	1	0.7

THC: Tetrahydrocannabinol.

Table 2 Changes in consumption habits, behavioral addictions, and daily activities

	Reduced		Unchanged		Increased
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Changes in consumption habits
Alcohol	22	14.4	103	67.3	28	18.3
Coffee	10	6.5	78	51.0	65	42.5
Cigarettes	7	4.6	75	49.0	71	46.4
Cannabis	22	14.4	118	77.1	13	8.5
Cocaine	24	15.7	122	79.7	7	4.6
Opioids	7	4.6	143	93.5	2	1.3
Benzodiazepines and similar medical drugs	7	4.6	120	78.4	25	16.3
Gambling offline	14	9.2	132	86.3	6	3.9
Gambling online	12	7.8	133	86.9	7	4.6
Shopping online	7	4.6	123	80.4	19	12.4
Eating	10	6.5	65	42.5	77	50.3
Videogames	8	5.2	115	75.2	29	19.0
Changes in time spent for the following activities
Instant messaging with friends and relatives	6	3.9	66	43.1	79	51.6
Social network (for fun, reading)	7	4.6	72	47.1	73	47.7
Video calls with friends and relatives	8	5.2	60	39.2	84	54.9
Collecting online information about the current situation	9	5.9	81	52.9	62	40.5
Old and new hobbies	14	9.2	75	49.0	63	41.2
Sports	30	19.6	74	48.4	48	31.4
Watching movies, TV shows	9	5.9	51	33.3	92	60.1
Watching pornographic material	12	7.8	108	70.6	32	20.9
Hours of sleep each day	27	17.6	42	27.5	83	54.2