Association between depression and malnutrition in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Demographic characteristics

Variable
Age, yr	35.96 ± 13.17
Gender
Male	189 (63.00%)
Female	111 (37.00%)
Marital status
Married	180 (60.00%)
Unmarried	115 (38.30%)
Divorced/separated	5 (1.70%)
Education
Junior primary	153 (51.00%)
Senior primary secondary and above	147 (49.00%)
Occupation
Unemployed	170 (56.67%)
Employed	130 (43.33%)
Monthly income, Yuan
< 5000	159 (53.00%)
5000-10000	121 (40.30%)
> 10000	20 (6.70%)
TB treatment duration
< 6 mo	144 (48.00%)
6-12 mo	49 (16.30%)
> 12 mo	107 (35.70%)
Comorbidity
Diabetes mellitus	11 (3.70%)
Source of medical costs
Medical insurance	203 (67.60%)
Self-supporting	66 (22.00%)
Publicly-funded	31 (10.30%)
BMI	19.71 ± 2.94
Hb (g/L)	122.21 ± 22.88
ALB (g/L)	40.25 ± 11.61
Prealbumin	200.13 ± 75.46
PHQ-9	16.45 ± 5.35
AST (U/L)	25.66 ± 52.64
ALT (U/L)	26.12 ± 52.16
QLICD-PT
Physical domain	22.46 ± 3.90
Psychological domain	22.89 ± 8.13
Social domain	23.21 ± 6.50
Specific domain	39.38 ± 8.00

BMI: Body mass index; Hb: Hemoglobin; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; TB: Tuberculosis.

Table 2 Factors associated with depression in pulmonary tuberculosis patients

	Depression status		P value
	PHQ 10 (n = 225)	PHQ < 10 (n = 75)
Age, yr	36.20 ± 13.32	35.27 ± 12.27	0.598
Gender			0.371
Male	146 (64.40%)	44 (58.70%)
Female	36 (80.00%)	31 (41.30%)
Marital status			0.555
Married	134 (59.60%)	46 (61.30%)
Single co-habiting	88 (39.10%)	27 (36.00%)
Divorced/separated	3 (1.30%)	2 (2.70%)
Educational level			0.809
Junior primary	114 (51.10%)	38 (50.67%)
Senior primary, secondary, and above	111 (48.90%)	37 (49.33%)
Occupation			0.998
Unemployed	123 (54.67%)	47 (61.84%)
Employed	102 (45.33%)	28 (37.33%)
Monthly income, Yuan			0.302
< 5000	123 (54.70%)	36 (48.00%)
5000-10000	88 (39.10%)	33 (44.00%)
> 10000	14 (6.20%)	6 (8.00%)
TB treatment duration			0.559
< 6 mo	105 (46.70%)	39 (52.00%)
6-12 mo	39 (17.30%)	10 (13.30%)
> 12 mo	81 (36.00%)	26 (34.70%)
Comorbidity
Diabetes mellitus	7 (3.10%)	4 (5.33%)	0.376
Hemoptysis	29 (12.90%)	6 (7.80%)	0.254
Source of medical costs			0.503
Medical insurance	153 (68.00%)	50 (66.67%)
Self-supporting	53 (23.60%)	13 (17.33)
Publicly-funded	19 (8.40%)	12 (16.00%)
Nutrition related indicators
BMI	19.26 ± 2.63	21.22 ± 3.45	< 0.001a
Hb (g/L)	120.21 ± 24.37	128.79 ± 16.12	0.004a
ALB (g/L)	40.81 ± 13.10	38.59 ± 4.60	0.254
Prealbumin	176.10 ± 2.68	210.96 ± 63.17	0.001a
QLICD-PT
Physical function	27.27 ± 53.00	8.04 ± 1.28	0.331
Psychological function	30.18 ± 8.55	23.01 ± 4.83	0.173
Social function	23.21 ± 6.66	29.01 ± 6.68	0.004a
Specific function	40.03 ± 7.93	23.21 ± 6.00	0.562
Liver function
ALT (U/L)	37.77 ± 40.92	34.04 ± 90.36	0.036a
AST (U/L)	37.84 ± 38.41	33.25 ± 94.75	0.014a

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; Hb: Hemoglobin; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; TB: Tuberculosis.

Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
BMI	1.21	1.163-1.257	< 0.001
Social function	0.95	0.926-0.974	0.038
Hb	0.99	0.982-1.012	0.67
Prealbumin	1.00	0.998-1.002	0.65
Psychological function	0.99	0.958-1.043	0.97
ALT	1.00	0.978-1.025	0.93
AST	0.99	0.967-1.025	0.75

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Hb: Hemoglobin; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.