Expert consensus of Chinese Association for the Study of Pain on the radiofrequency therapy technology in the Department of Pain

Table 1 Qualitative modified approach to grading of evidence[46]

Grading	Qualitative	Evidence
Level I	Strong	Evidence obtained from multiple relevant high quality randomized controlled trials for effectiveness
Level II	Moderate	Evidence obtained from at least one relevant high quality randomized controlled trial or multiple relevant moderate or low quality randomized controlled trials
Level III	Fair	Evidence obtained from at least one relevant high quality nonrandomized trial or observational study with multiple moderate or low quality observational studies
Level IV	Limited	Evidence obtained from multiple moderate or low quality relevant observational studies
Level V	Consensus based	Opinion or consensus of large group of clinicians and/or scientists for effectiveness as well as to assess preventive measures, adverse consequences, effectiveness of other measures