Expert Consensus
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2021; 9(9): 2100-2109
Published online Mar 26, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i9.2100
Table 1 Pharmacodynamics of ion channel drugs
Sodium channel blockers
Calcium channel modulators

Carbamazepine
Oxcarbazepine
Lidocaine, by iv
BLA
Pregabalin
Gabapentin
T maxWithin 12 h4.5 h5 min1 h3 h
C max0.5-25 μg/mL31.5 μmol/L2-5 mg/lanalgesic use3.83-9.46 μg/mL2.7-2.99 mg/L
t1/225-65 h (single dose); 12-17 h (long-term oral)2 h; 9 h (MHD)10 min (single dose); 1.5-2 h (continuous infusion)4 h5-6.5 h6.5 h
Bioavailability58%-85%> 95%100%90%47%-60%
Effect-onset time8-72 h1-3 h5 min (onset); 1 h (maintain)Within 30 min (acute toothache); 5 h (maintain); 1 wk (diabetic neuropathy)24-28 h (repeated administration); no capping effect
MetabolismLiverLiverLiver (mainly)Liver (less)No metabolism in the body
ExcretionKidney (72%); Feces (28%)Kidney (> 95%)Kidney (mainly)Kidney (92-99%) excreted as drug prototypeKidney (mainly) excreted as drug prototype