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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 6, 2021; 9(7): 1499-1512
Published online Mar 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1499
Published online Mar 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1499
Table 2 Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on various materials
Ref. | van Doremalen et al[78] | van Doremalen et al[80] | Chan et al[79] | Rabenau et al[82] | Lai et al[83] | Duan et al[81] |
Year | 2020 | 2013 | 2011 | 2005 | 2005 | 2003 |
Location | United States | United States | Hong Kong, China | Germany | Hong Kong, China | China |
Virus | SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV | MERS-CoV | SARS-CoV | SARS-CoV | SARS-CoV | SARS-CoV |
Load applied | SARS-CoV-2: 105.25 in aerosols, SARS-CoV: 106.75-7.00 in aerosols | 106 in aerosols, 105 on steel and plastic | 105 on plastic | NA | Dilution solution (102-104) | 106 |
Substrate (s) | Aerosols, plastic, stainless steel, copper, cardboard | Aerosols, steel, plastic | Plastic | Polystyrene petri dish | Paper, disposable gowns, cotton gowns | Wood board, glass, mosaic, metal, cloth, paper, filter paper, plastic |
Temperature/RH | 21-23 °C/40% | Variable | Variable | Room temperature (21-25 °C) | Room temperature | Room temperature |
Viability | Viable SARS-CoV-2 detected after 3 h in aerosols, no viable SARS-CoV-2 detected after 4 h on copper and 24 h on cardboard, stable after 72 h on plastic and stainless steel; no viable SARS-CoV detected after 8 h on copper and 8 h on cardboard | The viability of MERS-CoV decreased 7% at 40% RH and 89% at 70% RH in aerosols; Viable MERS-CoV tested after 48 h at 20 °C/40% RH, 8 h at 30 °C/80% RH and 24 h at 30 °C/30% RH | SARS-CoV survived for 5 d at 22-25 °C relative humidity of 40%-50% with only 1 log10 loss of titer and was viable for more than 20 d; SARS-CoV was more stable at relatively low temperatures (28 °C vs 38 °C) and humidity (80%-89% vs > 95%) | SARS-CoV survived for more than 6 d and retained its infectivity for up to 9 d | SARS-CoV survived no more than 5 min to 24 h on paper, 1 h to 2 d on disposable clothing, and 5 min to 24 h on cotton clothing | SARS-CoV survived for > 72 h on the surfaces of eight materials, and > 120 h on metal, cloth and filter paper |
Reduction in infectious titer (TCID50) | SARS-CoV-2: from 103.5 to 102.7 in aerosols, from 103.7 to 100.6 after 72 h on plastic, from 103.7 to 100.6 after 48 h on stainless steel; SARS-CoV: from 104.3 to 103.5 in aerosols, from 103.4 to 100.7 after 72 h on plastic, from 103.6 to 100.6 after 48 h on stainless steel | NA | The reduction in infectious titer was similar in solution compared with virus dried on surfaces | NA | NA | NA |
Half-life | SARS-CoV-2 :1.1 h in aerosols, 6.8 h on plastic, 5.6 h on stainless steel, 0.8 h on copper, 3.5 h on cardboard; SARS-CoV :1.2 h in aerosols, 7.6 h on plastic, 4.2 h on stainless steel, 1.5 h on copper, 0.6 h on cardboard | The half-life of MERS-CoV ranged from 0.6 to 1 h on steel and from 0.4 to 1 h on plastic | NA | NA | NA | NA |
- Citation: Li X, Xia WY, Jiang F, Liu DY, Lei SQ, Xia ZY, Wu QP. Review of the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(7): 1499-1512
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i7/1499.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1499