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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Feb 16, 2021; 9(5): 1058-1078
Published online Feb 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i5.1058
Published online Feb 16, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i5.1058
Table 4 Auxiliary examination of the 32 coronavirus disease-19 patients with encephalitis/meningitis
Characteristic | Value (n = 32) |
Subtype, n (%) | |
Encephalitis | 19 (59.36) |
Meningitis | 5 (15.63) |
Meningoencephalitis | 5 (15.63) |
Encephalomyelitis | 2 (6.25) |
Rhombencephalitis | 1 (3.13) |
Myelitis | 1 (3.13) |
Primary target identified by neuroimaging, n (%) | |
Temporal lobe | 5 (15.63) |
White matter | 4 (12.5) |
Corpus callosum | 3 (9.38) |
Frontal lobe | 3 (9.38) |
Cervical spinal cord | 3 (9.38) |
Thalami | 3 (9.38) |
Cortical | 2 (6.25) |
Limbic lobe | 1 (3.13) |
Brain stem | 1 (3.13) |
Upper pons | 1 (3.13) |
Hippocampus | 1 (3.13) |
Insular lobe | 1 (3.13) |
Lateral ventricle | 1 (3.13) |
Leptomeningeal | 1 (3.13) |
Pontine | 1 (3.13) |
Right cerebral hemisphere | 1 (3.13) |
Supratentorial | 1 (3.13) |
Chest radiogram, n (%) | |
Negative/total | 4/22 (18.18) |
Positive/total | 18/22 (81.82) |
Not available/total | 8/30 (26.67) |
Blood test, n (%) | |
WBC count (low/normal) | 6/21 (28.57) |
WBC count (high) | 10/21 (47.62) |
Lymphopenia (low) | 4/21 (19.05) |
CRP (high) | 14/21 (66.67) |
D-dimer (high) | 12/21 (57.14) |
Ferritin (high) | 8/21 (38.1) |
IL-6 (high) | 1/21 (4.76) |
procalcitonin (high) | 1/21 (4.76) |
ANA (positive) | 1/21 (4.76) |
N/A | 11 (3.13) |
Results of CSF analysis, n (%) | |
Increased pressure /total | 2/5 (40) |
Increased protein level /total | 13/22 (59.09) |
Increased white-cell count level/total | 9/23 (39.13) |
Ab anti NMDAR (positive), n (%) | 1 (3.13) |
Oligoclonal band test (positive), n (%) | 1 (3.13) |
Neuroimaging, n (%) | |
Negative/total | 12/31 (38.71) |
Positive/total | 19/31 (61.29) |
Not available | 1 (3.13) |
Results of EEG, n (%) | |
Diffuse slow wave/total | 8/10 (80) |
Focal epileptic wave/total | 2/10 (20) |
Generalized delta activity/total | 1/10 (20) |
N/A | 20 (62.5) |
Treatment modality, n (%) | |
Antibiotics/total | 22/28 (78.57) |
Antiretroviral drug/total | 14/28 (50) |
Hydroxychloroquine/total | 12/28 (42.86) |
Corticoid/total | 7/28 (25) |
IVIg/total | 6/28 (21.43) |
Plasmapheresis treatment/total | 6/28 (21.43) |
Anticonvulsant medications/total | 6/28 (21.43) |
Surgery/total | 1/28 (3.57) |
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist/total | 1/28 (3.57) |
Traditional Chinese medicine/total | 1/28 (3.57) |
Not available/total | 4/32 (12.5) |
Outcome and prognosis, n (%) | |
Good | 21/32 (65.63) |
Poor | 5/32 (15.64) |
Dead | 3/32 (9.38) |
Not available | 3/32 (9.38) |
- Citation: Huo L, Xu KL, Wang H. Clinical features of SARS-CoV-2-associated encephalitis and meningitis amid COVID-19 pandemic. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(5): 1058-1078
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i5/1058.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i5.1058