Ear ischemia induced by endovascular therapy for arteriovenous fistula of the sigmoid sinus: A case report

Figure 1 The diagnosis, surgical procedures and postoperative recovery of the patient. A: Angiography of the right external carotid artery showed the arteriovenous fistula of the sigmoid sinus. The blood supply was from the right occipital artery (short black arrow), right middle meningeal artery (long black arrow), and right posterior auricular artery (white arrow); B: Trans-occipital artery distal microangiography showed the blood flow from the occipital artery branches to the sigmoid sinus; C: Trans-posterior auricular artery microangiography showed blood flow from the posterior auricular artery branches to the sigmoid sinus; D: Angiography after the injection of Onyx-18 through the posterior auricular artery and occipital artery did not show the sigmoid sinus, and the arteriovenous fistula was cured; E: Cyanosis and swelling of the middle and upper 2/3 of the right auricle were found 2 d after operation; F: Angiography of the right external carotid artery at 3 mo after operation showed the arteriovenous fistula disappeared.