Association of frailty with in-hospital outcomes in elderly patients with heart failure

Table 2 Physical performance of the included patients evaluated by short physical performance battery according to the frailty status (mean ± SD)

	Frail (n = 135)	Pre-frail (n = 93)	P value
Handgrip strength (kg)
Men	23.8 ± 4.1	25.1 ± 4.2	0.056
Women	17.9 ± 3.4	21.2 ± 4.5	0.003
Balance test	3.08 ± 0.68	3.42 ± 0.61	< 0.001
Four-meter gait test	2.19 ± 0.82	2.70 ± 0.76	< 0.001
Chair stand test	1.96 ± 0.77	2.83 ± 0.70	< 0.001
Overall SPPB score	7.24 ± 1.72	8.95 ± 1.44	< 0.001

SPPB: Short physical performance battery; SDs: Standard deviations.