Percutaneous biliary stent combined with brachytherapy using 125I seeds for treatment of unresectable malignant obstructive jaundice: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Procedure details and outcomes of studies included in the meta-analysis

Ref.	Intervention	Stent manufacturer and typea	Outcomes
Chen et al[25], 2012	125I seed strands performed after stent insertion	Nitinol self-expendable stent (Luminexx III; BARD); Type I	Laboratory values before and after stent placement, complications, stent patency
	Conventional stent
Hasimu et al[13], 2017	Biliary stent with 125I seed strands	Nitinol self-expandable stent (S.M.A.R.T.; Cordis Corporation, Miami Lakes, FL, United States); Type III	Stent patency, survival, relief of symptoms, technical and clinical success, complications, laboratory values before and after stent placement, radiation safety
	Conventional stent
Chen et al[26], 2018	125I seeds-loaded-biliary stent	Self-expendable stent (produced by Mirco-tech, Nanjing, China); Type II	Laboratory values before and after stent placement, complications, stent patency, survival, CR, PR, SD, PD
	Conventional stent
Jiao et al[14], 2017	SEMS with 125I seed strands	A Nitinol self-expendable stent (Niti-S Biliary stent, Taewoong, Seoul, Korea); Type I	Technical success, laboratory values before and after stent placement, stent patency, overall survival, early or late complications
	Conventional stent
Zhu et al[20], 2012	125I seeds-loaded-biliary stent	Outer self-expandable 125I radioactive seeds-loaded stent and inner conventional self-expanding biliary nitinol alloy stent (Nanjing MicroInvasive Medical Inc., Nanjing, China); Type II	Technical success, jaundice relief, radiation safety, complications (subjective and objective), survival, stent patency, laboratory values before and after stent placement
	Conventional stent
Zhu et al[21], 2018	125I seeds-loaded-biliary stent	Inner conventional uncovered SEMS (Nanjing Micro-Tech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China) and outer 125I seed-Xloaded stent; Type II	Stent restenosis, patency time, technical success, relief of jaundice, survival, complications
	Conventional stent
Pan et al[15], 2020	Biliary stent with 125I seed strands	Biliary stent (E-Luminexx Biliary Stent; Wachhausstrasse 6D76227, BARD Corporation, Karlsruhe, Germany); Type III	Stent patency, overall survival, complications, laboratory values before and after stent placement, independent factors associated with survival
	Conventional stent
Wang et al[24], 2017	Biliary stent with 125I seed strands	Biliary internal stent (Micro-Tech Co., Ltd. Nanjing, China); Type I	Success rate, laboratory values before and after stent placement, stent patency, survival
	Conventional stent
Zhou et al[22], 2019	UCSEMS with 125I seed strands	Three types of SEMS [E-Luminexx (Bard Peripheral Vascular, Tempe, AZ, United States), S.M.A.R.T (Cordis, Milpitas, CA, United States), and Zilver (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, United States)];Type III	Technical success, clinical success, complications, follow-up time, stent patency, survival, laboratory values before and after stent placement
	UCSEMS
Zhou et al[23], 2020	SEMS with 125I seed strands	Self-expandable metallic stent (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, United States); Type III	Technical success, clinical success, laboratory values before and after stent placement, complications, overall survival, and stent patency
	Conventional stent

^aThe ¹²⁵I seed stents include three types. Type I: Self-expanded stent with ¹²⁵I seed strand fixation in a drainage catheter; Type II: ¹²⁵I seed-loaded stent; Type III: Self-expanded stent with ¹²⁵I seed strand fixation between stent and the bile duct wall.