Identification of independent risk factors for intraoperative gastroesophageal reflux in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia

Table 2 The risk factors for the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux by multivariate logistic regression analysis

Variables	β value	SD	Wald chi-square	OR (95%CI)	P value
Intercept 1	-10.518	182.127	0.003		0.954
Intercept 2	-14.558	182.128	0.006		0.936
Gender (female vs male)	0.994	0.438	5.144	2.702 (1.144-6.378)	0.023
Age (yr) (continuous)	0.031	0.012	6.824	1.031 (1.008-1.056)	0.009
Type of surgery	-0.018	0.382	0.002	0.982 (0.464-2.077)	0.963
Operative time (min) (continuous)	0.003	0.004	0.904	1.003 (0.996-1.010)	0.342
BMI (kg/m2) (continuous)	-0.049	0.069	0.516	0.952 (0.832-1.089)	0.472
Intraoperative blood loss (mL) (continuous)	-0.000	0.001	0.081	1.000 (0.998-1.002)	0.776
Smoking status	0.802	0.474	2.859	2.230 (0.880-5.650)	0.091
Alcohol intake	0.602	0.565	1.135	1.826 (0.603-5.524)	0.287
Pharyngitis	3.446	0.353	95.234	31.388 (15.709-62.715)	< 0.001
History of GER	2.479	0.534	21.513	11.925 (4.184-33.989)	< 0.001
Other digestive tract diseases	0.028	0.570	0.002	1.028 (0.336-3.145)	0.961
Hypertension	-0.661	0.437	2.294	0.516 (0.219-1.215)	0.130
Diabetes mellitus	-0.854	0.533	2.568	0.426 (0.150-1.210)	0.109
History of asthma	0.313	0.594	0.278	1.368 (0.427-4.383)	0.598
Psychiatric history	0.467	0.827	0.319	1.596 (0.315-8.072)	0.572
History of respiratory infection (within 2 mo)	-0.560	1.155	0.235	0.571 (0.059-5.492)	0.628
History of surgery	1.181	0.692	2.915	3.258 (0.840-12.642)	0.088
Lidocaine (2% mL) (continuous)	0.016	0.121	0.018	1.017 (0.802-1.289)	0.892
Palliative (d vs midazolam)	0.005	0.416	0.000	1.005 (0.445-2.272)	0.990
Sufentanil (g)					.
10	-	-	-	Ref.	.
15	10.378	182.118	0.003	32155.18 (0.000-3.36E159)	0.955
20	10.653	182.121	0.003	42315.00 (0.000-4.44E159)	0.953
Propofol (mg) (continuous)	-0.060	0.028	4.680	0.942 (0.892-0.994)	0.031
Arden (mg) (continuous)	-0.185	0.236	0.619	0.831 (0.523-1.318)	0.431
Rocuronium bromide (continuous)	-0.005	0.050	0.009	0.995 (0.902-1.098)	0.926
Sufentanil (continuous)	0.016	0.025	0.383	1.016 (0.967-1.067)	0.536
SAI (continuous)	0.134	0.031	0.497	1.011 (0.976-1.044)	0.647
TAI (continuous)	0.006	0.029	0.516	1.004 (0.962-1.051)	0.712
SDS (continuous)	-0.072	0.013	0.311	0.982 (0.948-1.035)	0.562

BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; GER: Gastroesophageal reflux; OR: Odds ratio; SAI: State anxiety inventory; SD: Standard deviation; SDS: Self-rating depression scale; TAI: Trait anxiety inventory.