Effects of lower body positive pressure treadmill on functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial study

Table 3 Comparison of spatiotemporal parameters within group (between pre- and post-treatment) and among groups (between lower body positive pressure group and control group)

	LBPP group		Control group			P1 value	P2 value	P3 value	P4 value
	Pre-treatment	Post-treatment		Pre-treatment	Post-treatment
Stance phase (%)	55.11 ± 3.13	57.31 ± 2.39		54.49 ± 3.35	55.72 ± 2.60	0.001	0.096	0.690	0.201
Swing phase (%)	44.89 ± 3.13	42.69 ± 2.39		45.52 ± 3.35	44.28 ± 2.60	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.690	0.197
Mean velocity(%height/s)	57.64 ± 2.10	64.28 ± 3.64		57.72 ± 3.84	59.33 ± 3.17	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.958	0.007
Cadence (steps/min)	106.76 ± 3.22	110.10 ± 2.84		104.46 ± 4.35	105.36 ± 3.58	0.002	0.141	0.233	0.008
Stride length (m)	0.46 ± 0.03	0.50 ± 0.18		0.47 ± 0.02	0.48 ± 0.23	0.001	0.025	0.399	0.037
Step width (m)	0.15 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.01		0.15 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.00	0.080	0.343	0.753	0.854
Knee flex-extension (Degree)	66.14 ± 5.43	72.34 ± 5.38		66.40 ± 5.26	66.89 ± 5.33	0.004	0.400	0.919	0.048

¹Stands for comparison within lower body positive pressure (LBPP) group between pre-treatment and post-treatment.

²Stands for comparison within control group between pre-treatment and post-treatment.

³Stands for comparison among groups for pre-treatment between LBPP group and control group.

⁴Stands for comparison among groups for post-treatment between LBPP group and control group.

LBPP: Lower body positive pressure.