Association between celiac disease and vitiligo: A review of the literature

Table 1 Summary of studies reporting prevalence of celiac disease in vitiligo

Ref.	Country	Study design	Setting	Vitiligo, n (%)	CD prevalence (V + CD)	Vitiligo diagnosis	CD diagnosis
Shahmoradi et al[16], 2013	Iran	Case-control study	Hospital	64	3.1% (n = 2)	Medical records	Serology
Volta et al[20], 1997	Italy	Cross-sectional study	Hospital	198	0	NA	Serology and histology
Henker and Hartmann[24], 2019	Germany	Cross-sectional study	Hospital	176	2.8% (n = 5)	Medical records	Serology and histology
Seyhan et al[25], 2011	Turkey	Case-control study	Hospital	61	3.2% (n = 2)	NA	Serology and histology

CD: Celiac disease; NA: Not applicable.