Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9452

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Cases. Nov 6, 2021; 9(31): 9452-9468
Published online Nov 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9452

Table 3 Baseline demographic data and clinical characteristics of patients with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy

Covariate	Survivors (n = 630)	Non-survivors (n = 367)	P value	Missing data (%)
Age (yr)	67.26 ± 15.80	70.42 ± 13.97	0.002	0
Gender (Male), n (%)	402 (63.8)	232 (63.2)	0.851	0
Height (cm)	169.92 ± 12.52	169.44 ± 11.51	0.575	12.4
Weight (kg)	83.44 ± 26.22	79.15 ± 23.91	0.014	6.7
BSA (m²)	1.88 ± 0.46	1.83 ± 0.43	0.128	12.8
BMI (kg/m²)	29.38 ± 15.02	27.92 ± 10.06	0.124	12.8
Temperature (℃)	36.90 ± 0.73	36.74 ± 0.88	0.002	2.9
SBP (mmHg)	109.72 ± 13.65	105.59 ± 14.34	0	1.9
DBP (mmHg)	58.36 ± 9.67	56.53 ± 10.70	0.006	1.9
MAP (mmHg)	73.32 ± 9.62	71.41 ± 10.91	0.005	1.8
HR (beats/min)	91.36 ± 16.88	93.95 ± 17.38	0.022	1.8
RR (/min)	20.98 ± 4.33	21.44 ± 4.65	0.119	1.8
SpO₂(%)	97.19 ± 2.40	96.43 ± 3.60	0	2
SOFA score	6.28 ± 3.38	8.29 ± 3.91	0	0
SAPS-I score	20.37 ± 4.89	23.19 ± 5.66	0	0
SAPS-II score	42.90 ± 13.54	52.87 ± 14.94	0	0
ECI	14.36 ± 8.47	16.92 ± 8.93	0	0
Microbiology, n (%)
Positive	354 (56.2)	206 (56.1)	0.985	0
Negative	276 (43.8)	161 (43.9)
Interventions, n (%)
Renal replacement use (1^st 24 h)	69 (11.0)	51 (13.9)	0.168	0
Mechanical ventilation use (1^st 24 h)	296 (47.0)	220 (59.9)	0	0
Comorbidities, n (%)
Renal failure	189 (30.0)	135 (36.8)	0.027	0
Liver failure	46 (7.3)	28 (7.6)	0.849	0
Diabetes	272 (43.2)	152 (41.4)	0.588	0
COPD	117 (18.6)	78 (21.3)	0.303	0
Coagulopathy	172 (27.3)	145 (39.5)	0	0
Admission type, n (%)
Emergency	608 (96.5)	352 (95.9)	0.632	0
Elective	22 (3.5)	15 (4.1)		0
Sepsis type, n (%)
Sepsis	143 (22.7)	25 (6.8)	0	0
Severe sepsis	336 (53.3)	231 (62.9)		0
Septic shock	151 (24.0)	111 (30.2)		0
Laboratory tests
WBC (10⁹/L)	15.88 ± 9.23	16.03 ± 10.36	0.809	0.1
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	9.56 ± 1.84	9.59 ± 1.76	0.812	0.2
Platelet (10⁹/L)	214.36 ± 127.73	174.26 ± 113.66	0	0.1
Sodium (mmol/L)	140.05 ± 4.93	140.03 ± 5.58	0.965	0
Potassium (mmol/L)	3.78 ± 0.61	3.88 ± 0.59	0.018	0
Chloride (mmol/L)	102.26 ± 6.58	101.78 ± 7.18	0.287	0.1
BUN (mg/dL)	39.46 ± 24.07	51.24 ± 31.80	0	0.2
Creatine (mg/dL)	2.23 ± 1.94	2.63 ± 2.13	0.003	0.2
Lactate (mmol/L)	2.98 ± 2.12	4.62 ± 4.19	0	14.1
Albumin (g/dL)	2.83 ± 0.58	2.69 ± 0.61	0.004	39.8
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.49 ± 3.16	2.34 ± 4.10	0.002	26.8
PH	7.35 ± 0.11	7.32 ± 0.12	0.001	26.3
PO₂(mmHg)	142.73 ± 93.83	137.98 ± 91.67	0.495	26.3
PCO₂(mmHg)	40.36 ± 10.79	39.30 ± 13.01	0.23	26.3
Bicarbonate	21.01 ± 5.00	19.13 ± 5.69	0	0.1
(mmol/L)	21.01 ± 5.00	19.13 ± 5.69	0	0.1
Glucose (mg/dL)	144.45 ± 47.67	148.89 ± 57.53	0.193	1.8
CK-MB (%)	5.73 ± 5.64	6.00 ± 6.73	0.767	78.5
CK (U/L)	413.37 ± 1425.54	313.84 ± 842.98	0.284	22.4
Troponin (ng/mL)	0.42 ± 1.41	0.31 ± 0.87	0.264	33.4
Outcomes, n (%)
Mechanical ventilation use	343 (54.4)	276 (75.2)	0	0
RRT use	44 (7.0)	72 (19.6)	0	0
Norepinephrine use	322 (51.1)	267 (72.8)	0	0
Epinephrine use	27 (4.3)	35 (9.6)	0.001	0
Dopamine use	94 (14.9)	94 (25.6)	0	0
Vasopressin use	95 (15.1)	163 (44.4)	0	0
Length of ICU stay (d)	8.71 ± 11.77	9.81 ± 10.51	0.138	0
Length of hospital stay (d)	21.94 ± 20.29	20.61 ± 21.75	0.332	0

Data shown are the mean ± SD or n (%). The definitions and diagnostic criteria for sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock were made according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines[24,25]. BSA: Body surface area; BMI: Body mass index; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment, ranging from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating a greater degree of organ failure ; ECI: Elixhauser comorbidity index, and we used the modified van Walraven Elixhauser comorbidity score in our study, which consists of 30 comorbidity diseases and ranges from -19 to 89 points, with higher scores indicating a greater risk of hospital mortality; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; HR: Heart rate; RR: Respiratory rate; SAPS-I: Simplified acute physiologic score-I; SAPS-II: Simplified acute physiologic score-II; ICU: Intensive care unit; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC: White blood cell; PCO₂: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PO₂: Partial pressure of oxygen; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.

Citation: Liang YW, Zhu YF, Zhang R, Zhang M, Ye XL, Wei JR. Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(31): 9452-9468
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i31/9452.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9452