Neoadjuvant radiotherapy dose escalation for locally advanced rectal cancers in the new era of radiotherapy: A review of literature

Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of studies included in the review

Ref.	Nr of pts	Mean age (range)	Prescription dose / number of fraction		CR rate (%)	Local control (%)	R0 rate (%)	Sphincter preservation rate (%)	Toxicity (%)		Surgery complications (%, any grade)
			Boost dose	Prophylactic dose					G2	G3 OR >
Alongi et al[37], 2016	40	69 (47-83)	60/30	54/30	17.5	100	100.0	92.5	GI 15, GU 12.5	0	10.0
Couwenberg et al[38], 2020	51	64.5 (55-69)	50/25, + 15/5	50/25	35.9	-	-	56.3	GI 20, GU 7.8, Sk 9.4	GI 9.3, GU 1.6	26.4
Bertocchi et al[39], 2020	31	68.7 (47-81)	60/30	50.4/30	22.6	-	100.0	93.5	GI 16.1, GU 19.3	0	41.9
Engels et al[40], 2014	57	69 (32-85)	55.2/23	46/23	-	97	-	-	GI 12.2, GU 12.2, Sk 36.8	14	--
Hernando-Requejo et al[41], 2014	74	61.7 (33-80)	57.6/23	46/23	30.6	100	97.2	77.7	GI 28.4, GU 9.5, Sk 21.6	GI 9.5, GU 5.4, Sk 2.7	25.7
Zhu et al[42], 2014	78	54 (30-76)	55/25	50/25	23.7	85.4	100.0	36.8	GI 14.1, Sk 20.5	GI 10.3, Sk 17.9	17.1
Wang et al[43], 2019	60	56 (22-75)	55/25	50/25	28.1	90.6	100.0	38.6	/	25	24.6
Lima et al[44], 2019	11	45.9 (28-59)	54/30		28.5	-	-	-	40	20	-
Jankarashvili et al[45], 2019	22	59 (36-84)	57.5/23	46/23	59.1	-	100.0	-	GI 40.9, GU 22.7, Sk 45.5	GI 0GU 13.6, Sk 9.1	-
Parikh et al[46], 2019	44	67 (47-84)	55.8/31		40.9	93.2	-	100.0	6.8	0	43.0
Passoni et al[47], 2013	25	59 (37-77)	27.6/12 + 18/6	41.4/18	30.0	100	96.0	87.0	-	GI 12	26.0
Picardi et al[48], 2016	18	62 (39-79)	57.5/25	45/25	25.0	100 (1y), 68.6 (3y), 68.6 (5y)	100.0	62.5	-	44.4	-
Spatola et al[49], 2019	62	61.5 (36-84)	45/25 + 9/6	45/25	19.0	96.5	100.0	85.0	-	GI 10, GU 0, Sk 3	5.0
Liu et al[50], 2020	85	80 (75-85)	55/25	45-50/25	21.4	83.9		78.6	-	GI 5.2, GU 1.8	12.5
Yamashita et al[51], 2017	60	66 (44-88)	55/25	45/25	17.0	90	100.0	88.0	GU 49	0	3.0
Yang et al[52], 2019	26	55 (18-75)	58.75/25	50/25	32.0		100.0	60.0	GI 30.8, Sk 7.7	Sk 7.7	8.0
Alsuhaibani et al[53], 2018	79	59.7 (28–102)	55/25	45	20.0	-	100.0	72 ?	-	0	-
Chiloiro et al[54], 2019	22	64 (41–86)	55/25	45	27.3	-	100.0	89.5	GU 0, GI 40	GI 22.7	-
Lupattelli et al[55], 2016	60	64 (29–84)	57-55-54/25	45	27.8	-	96.0	85.7	-	10.5	18.1
Tey et al[56], 2017	20	-	55/25	45	35.0	100	95.0	85.0	0	5	0.0
Zhao et al[57], 2017	141	59 (50–67)	55/25	45-30	22.7	95.5	97.9	80.0	-	GI 7.8	10.6