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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Oct 6, 2021; 9(28): 8280-8294
Published online Oct 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i28.8280
Published online Oct 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i28.8280
Table 3 Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus 2 RNA in water systems
Ref. | Country | Wastewater type | Main findings |
Medema et al[96] | The Netherlands | Sewage | Sewage samples of six cities and the airport were tested: (1) February: No SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected; and (2) March: SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection increased concomitant with the increase in COVID-19 prevalence |
Ahmed et al[97] | Australia | Wastewater in a catchment | Two positive detections within a 6-d period from the same wastewater treatment plant |
Kumar et al[98] | India | Wastewater Treatment Plant | Increase in SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples was concomitant with the increase in the number of active COVID-19 patients in the city |
Wurtzer et al[99] | France | Wastewater treatment plant (raw and treated wastewater samples) | Raw wastewater samples: all positive for SARS-CoV2; Treated wastewater samples: 6 out of 8 positive for SARS-CoV2 |
Randazzo et al[100] | Spain | Wastewater treatments plants | (1) Influent samples: 35 of 42 were positive for SARS-CoV-2; (2) Effluent secondary treated samples: 2 of 18 were tested positive; and (3) Effluent tertiary treated samples: 0 of 12 tested positive |
Kocamemi et al[101] | Turkey | Wastewater treatment plants (primary sludge and waste activated sludge) | SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected quantitatively from all samples. |
Guerrero-Latorre et al[102] | Ecuador | River | SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the three locations |
Zhang et al[103] | China | Septic tanks | SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in septic tanks after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite |
Ahmed et al[104] | United States | Wastewater treatment plants | Two out of 15 wastewater samples tested positive |
Haramoto et al[105] | Japan | River, wastewater treatment plants | One of 5 secondary-treated wastewater samples tested positive |
La Rosa et al[106] | Italy | Sewage | Six out of 12 samples tested positive. |
Hasan et al[107] | United Arab Emirates | Sewage, wastewater treatment plants, pumping stations | SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 85% of untreated wastewater samples; SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in wastewater treatment plants. |
- Citation: Silva FAFD, de Brito BB, Santos MLC, Marques HS, da Silva Júnior RT, de Carvalho LS, de Sousa Cruz S, Rocha GR, Correa Santos GL, de Souza KC, Maciel RGA, Lopes DS, Silva NOE, Oliveira MV, de Melo FF. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 via fecal-oral: Current knowledge. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(28): 8280-8294
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i28/8280.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i28.8280