Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for midshaft clavicular delayed union: A case report and review of literature

Figure 2 Illustration diagram of the treatment process, equipment and mechanism of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for clavicle nonunion. A: Treatment of the current patient by a therapist without anesthetics; B: Illustration of shockwave device and applicator; C: Mechanism diagram of the potential risks of conventional shockwave treatment for clavicle nonunion; D: Mechanism diagram of superiority of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy treatment for clavicle nonunion. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.