Efficacy of arbidol in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study

Table 2 Baseline data of patients, n (%)

	Arbidol treatment (n = 72)	No antiviral treatment (n = 60)	P value
Age (yr)	58.5 (45-65.8)	58.5 (52-66)	0.459
Male gender2	46 (63.9)	35 (58.3)	0.514
Underling illnesses2	23 (31.9)	17 (28.3)	0.653
Abnormal liver function2	29 (40.3)	22 (33.7)	0.671
Abnormal heart function3	3 (4.2)	3 (5)	0.819
Abnormal creatinine3	1 (1.4)	1 (1.7)	0.896
Lactate dehydrogenase1	202.5 (159-263)	255 (191-265)	0.054
Leukocyte count1	4.90 (4.36-6.13)	5.16 (4.10-6.88)	0.654
Lymphocyte count1	1.24 (1.14-1.33)	1.135 (0.86-1.55)	0.076
C-reactive protein1	8.65 (3.175-.63.3)	14.4 (3-67.7)	0.805
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate1	35 (8-57)	32 (6-58)	0.076
Ferritin1	508 (320-672)	605.5 (380-935.5)	0.092
Interleukin-61	8 (5.71-12)	7.18 (6-8.62)	0.337
Procalcitonin (abnormal/normal)3	1 (2.7)	0 (0)	> 0.999
Serum amyloid A1	51.81 (18.33-218)	65 (7.75-169.13)	0.443
Moderate cases2	51 (70.8)	42 (70.0)	0.917
Severe cases2	21 (29.2)	18 (30.0)	0.917

¹Mann–Whitney U test.

²Chi-square test.

³Fisher’s exact test. Normal range of indicators: Lactate dehydrogenase 120-250 U/L, leukocyte count 3.5-9.5 × 10⁹/L, lymphocyte count 1.1-3.2 × 10⁹/L, procalcitonin < 0.5 ng/mL, serum amyloid A 0-10 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 0-20 mm/h, C-reactive protein 0-5 mg/L, ferritin 4.63-204 ng/mL, and interleukin-6 0-7 pg/mL. Abnormal liver function: Alanine amiotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase is higher than the normal range. Abnormal cardiac function: Creatine kinase-MB, troponin I, or brain natriuretic peptide is above the normal range or combined with shortness of breath, oliguria, and edema. Abnormal renal function: Creatinine is higher than normal.