Analysis of sleep characteristics and clinical outcomes of 139 adult patients with infective endocarditis after surgery

Table 1 Demographic and clinical baseline characteristics of participants (n = 139)

Variables	Total (n = 139)	Group 1 (n = 53)	Group 2 (n = 86)	P value
Gender (male)	94 (67.6%)	39 (73.6%)	55 (64.0%)	0.239
Age (yr)	43.40 ± 14.56	40.89 ± 14.17	44.94 ± 14.66	0.111
BMI (kg/m2)	20.33 ± 3.37	20.29 ± 3.10	20.36 ± 3.55	0.919
Duration of CICU stay (d)	2.20 ± 1.50	2.09 ± 1.72	2.34 ± 1.33	0.352
Use of analgesics (cases)	33 (23.7%)	14 (26.4%)	19 (22.1%)	0.561
Use of sleep medication (cases)	47 (33.8%)	3 (5.7%)	44 (51.2%)	< 0.001a
Preoperative WBC (× 109/L)	8.34 ± 3.10	8.67 ± 2.96	8.14 ± 3.18	0.329
Postoperative WBC (× 109/L)	18.68 ± 7.79	18.77 ± 7.79	18.62 ± 7.84	0.914
Preoperative Hb (g/L)	110.10 ± 23.34	108.26 ± 23.67	111.23 ± 23.21	0.468
Postoperative Hb (g/L)	100.86 ± 14.61	101.02 ± 14.54	100.76 ± 14.73	0.918
Preoperative Alb (g/L)	33.80 ± 5.65	34.10 ± 5.66	33.62 ± 5.67	0.629
Postoperative Alb (g/L)	32.44 ± 4.35	33.26 ± 4.52	31.93 ± 4.20	0.081
Preoperative CRP (mg/L)	27.43 ± 33.08	30.84 ± 36.43	25.33 ± 30.87	0.342
Postoperative CRP (mg/L)	34.43 ± 29.06	36.08 ± 32.87	33.41 ± 26.61	0.601
Postoperative PCT (ng/mL)	1.10 ± 4.98	1.89 ± 7.85	0.62 ± 1.38	0.147
Vegetation ≥ 10 mm	78 (56.1%)	31 (58.5%)	47 (54.7%)	0.658
Complication of embolism	34 (24.5%)	11 (20.8%)	23 (26.7%)	0.425

Data are presented as mean and standard deviation or n (%). Comparison between the two groups was performed using the t-test and chi-square test where appropriate.

^aP < 0.05. BMI: Body mass index; CICU: Cardiac intensive care unit; WBC: White blood cell; Hb: Hemoglobin; Alb: Albumin; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin.