Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for colorectal cancer after surgery

Table 2 Results of univariate and multivariate analysis in the training set

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Sex
Female	Reference		Reference
Male	0.82 (0.70-0.95)	0.008b	1.01 (0.85-1.16)	0.9277
Age at diagnosis, yr
20-55	Reference		Reference
55-65	1.12 (0.88-1.43)	0.339	1.38 (1.1380-1.6278)	0.0095b
65-75	1.17 (0.93-1.49)	0.185	1.47	0.0017b
> 75	2.69 (2.20-3.30)	< 0.001c	3.95 (3.7336-4.1610)	< 0.001c
Race
Black	Reference		Reference
White	0.97 (0.78-1.21)	0.799	0.72 (0.4852-0.9513)	0.0054b
Other (American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander)	0.68 (0.48-0.95)	0.023a	0.64 (0.2921-0.9791)	0.0097b
T stage
Tis	1.40 (0.50-3.93)	0.524	1.50 (0.4674-2.5395)	0.4405
T1	Reference		Reference
T2	1.75 (1.16-2.63)	0.00b	1.21 (0.7887-1.6327)	0.3745
T3	3.24 (2.30-4.57)	< 0.001c	1.56 (1.1640-1.9478)	0.0271a
T4	8.30 (5.85-11.76)	< 0.001c	2.58 (2.1710-3.0036)	< 0.001c
N stage
N0	Reference		Reference
N1	1.85 (1.53-2.24)	< 0.001c	1.16 (0.9433-1.3720)	0.1806
N2	4.49 (3.76-5.36)	< 0.001c	1.10 (0.7504-1.4569)	0.5841
M stage
M0	Reference		Reference
M1	5.95 (5.06-6.99)	< 0.001c	3.27 (3.0738-3.4599)	< 0.001c
Serum CEA level
Elevated	Reference		Reference
Normal	0.43 (0.37-050)	< 0.001c	0.78 (0.6157-0.9438)	0.0030b
Tumor deposit
Negative	Reference		Reference
Positive	3.57 (3.02-4.23)	< 0.001c	1.44 (1.2366-1.6385)	0.0004c
Grade
I	0.76 (0.55-1.05)	0.096	0.81 (0.4859-1.1416)	0.2179
II	Reference		Reference
III	2.42 (2.04-2.86)	< 0.001c	1.14 (0.9361-1.3457)	0.2071
IV	2.38 (1.82-3.10)	< 0.001c	1.15 (0.8608-1.4452)	0.3396
Tumor size
≤ 30 mm	Reference		Reference
30-50 mm	1.98 (1.59-2.46)	< 0.001c	1.00 (0.7592-1.2460)	0.9832
50-65 mm	2.10 (1.64-2.69)	< 0.001c	1.11 (0.8352-1.3831)	0.4585
> 65 mm	2.67 (2.14-3.34)	< 0.001c	1.11 (0.8608-1.4452)	0.4209
LODDS
≤ -0.6504	Reference		Reference
> -0.6504	4 (3.44-4.65)	< 0.001c	2.20 (1.9068-2.5030)	< 0.001c
LNR
≤ 0.1795	Reference		-	-
> 0.1795	3.97 (3.41-4.62)	< 0.001c	-	-

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; LODDS: Log odds of positive lymph nodes; LNR: Lymph node ratio.