Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients outside Wuhan: A double-center retrospective cohort study of 197 cases in Hunan, China

Table 3 Comparison clinical characteristics of acute respiratory distress syndrome between Wuhan and outside Wuhan

Ref. (n)	Final follow-up date	ARDS rate (%)	ICU rate (%)	Death rate (%)	Still in hospital (%)	Median age (yr)	Dyspnea (%)	WBC (4-10 × 109/L) median, elevated rate	Lymphocyte (0.8-4 × 109/L) median, elevated rate	ALT (0-40 U/L) median, elevated rate
Chen et al[11], (99)	25 January	17	32	11	56	56	31	7.5, 24%	0.9, 35% (< 1.1)	39, 28% (> 50)
Huang et al[19], (41)	22 January	29	32	15	17	49	55	6.2, 30%	0.8, 63% (< 1.0)	32 /
Zhou et al[14], (191)	31 January	31	26	28.3	0	56	/	6.2, 21%	1.0, 40%	30, 31%
Wang et al[17], (138)	3 February	19.6	26.1	4.3	61.6	56	31.2	4.5, /	0.8, 70.3%	24 /
Wu et al[4], (201)	13 February	41.8	26.4	21.9	6.5	51	39.8	5.9, 23.4% (> 9.5)	0.9, 64.0% (< 1.1)	31, 21.7% (> 50)
Cao et al[12], (102)	15 February	19.6	17.6	16.7	0	54	/	/,/	0.9, 3.7% (< 1.1)	23, 24.8%
Total median/mean		26.3	26.7	16.2	23.5	53.7	39.5	6.2 (5.2-6.8)	0.9 (0.8-0.9)	31.0 (27.0-35.5)
Outside Wuhan
Guan et al[20], (1099)1	31 January	3.4	5	1.4	93.6	47	18.7	4.7, 5.9%	1.0, 83.2% (< 1.5)	/, 21.3%
Chen et al[16], (249)	25 February	3.2	8.8	0.8	12.8	51	7.6	4.7, 28.9%	1.1, 47.4%	23.0 /
Yang et al[13], (149)	15 February	0	0	0	51.0	45	1.34	4.6, 1.34%	1.2, 35.6% (< 1.1)	20, 12.1%
This study (197)	15 March	6.6	8.6	1.5	0	45	19.8	4.8, 2.0%	1.2, 23.9%	20, 16.2%
Total median/mean		3.3	5.6	0.9	21.3	47	11.9	4.7 (4.6-4.8)	1.2 (1.0-1.2)	20 (20-/)

¹A nationwide study.

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; LPV/r: Lopinavir/ritonavir; WBC: White blood cell.