Molecular pathways in viral hepatitis-associated liver carcinogenesis: An update

Figure 4 Schematic overview showing the effects of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus proteins on the functioning of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasomes. Inflammasome activation is defined by oligomerization of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 and absent in melanoma 2, which recruits apoptosis-associated speck like proteins and pro-caspase- 1, leading to caspase-1 activation and subsequent conversion of pro-IL- 1β into active IL-1β. HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ASC: Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; AIM2; Absent in melanoma 2; IL: Interleukin; LPS; Lipopolysaccharides; LBP: Lipopolysaccharide binding protein; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TNFR: TNF receptor; ⊥ : Inhibition.