Impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of normal and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease groups

	Normal group (n = 20)	NAFLD group (n = 50)	P value
Demographics
Age (yr)	61.5 ± 10.3	54.7 ± 14.1	0.0301
Male sex, n (%)	12 (60)	35 (70)	0.421
BMI (kg/m2)	23.05 ± 0.97	27.57 ± 0.6	< 0.001
History, n (%)
Type 2 diabetes	0 (0)	6 (12)	0.1052
Hypertension	10 (50)	20 (40)	0.4450
Hyperlipidemia	2 (10)	16 (32)	0.0571
Hyperuricemia	1 (5)	2 (4)	0.852
Biochemical parameter
AST (U/L)	21.2 ± 4.2	28.2 ± 10.9	0.0035
ALT (U/L)	18.7 ± 5.6	37.6 ± 19.1	< 0.001
GGT (U/L)	23.7 ± 15.3	45.6 ± 40.0	0.0008
Albumin (g/dL)	4.57 ± 0.07	4.57 ± 0.35	0.9545
Uric acid (mg/dL)	5.18 ± 1.02	5.81 ± 1.17	0.048
TG (mg/dL)	91.0 ± 58.6	138.3 ± 66.9	0.0015
LDL-C (mg/dL)	125.9 ± 29.4	133.9 ± 35.9	0.3754
HDL-C (mg/dL)	68.5 ± 17.7	55.9 ± 12.9	0.0017
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.0396 ± 0.0413	0.1545 ± 0.2423	0.0028
HbA1c (%)	5.82 ± 0.35	6.16 ± 0.78	0.1835
HOMA-IR	1.14 ± 1.14	2.31 ± 1.70	0.0002
Serum fibrosis markers
M2BPGi	0.460 ± 0.206	0.507 ± 0.226	0.4201
Type IV collagen 7s (ng/mL)	3.09 ± 0.54	3.07 ± 0.69	0.6767
Platelet count (× 104/μL)	24.00 ± 5.47	25.28 ± 6.49	0.4197
Transient elastography measurements
LSM (kPa)	3.72 ± 0.88	4.80 ± 2.21	0.0101
CAP (dB/m)	225.7 ± 41.3	304.2 ± 51.7	< 0.001

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (percentage). Comparisons between two groups were analyzed using Student's t-test, Welch’s t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LSM: Liver stiffness measurement; M2BPGi: Mac-2-binding protein glycan isomer; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TG: Triglycerides.