Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Jul 6, 2021; 9(19): 4918-4938
Published online Jul 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4918
Published online Jul 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4918
Table 2 Gastro-intestinal symptoms (frequency > 30%) and correlation with the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019
| Ref. | No. of patients | Frequency of GI symptoms, n (%) | Diarrhea, n (%) | Nausea or vomiting, n (%) | Loss of appetite, n (%) | Ab | Correlation with worse or better clinical course | Comments/limitations |
| An et al[50] | 205 | 79 (38.5) | 20 (9.8) | 18 (8.8) | 59 (28.8) | 4 (2.0) | Yes, worse for patients with classic, better for patients with only GI symptoms | Possible selection bias, stool testing for virusneeded further investigation |
| Zhang | 505 | 164 (32.5) | 62 (12.3) | 40 (7.2) | 93 (18.4) | 17 (3.3) | Yes, worse | Possible selection bias, not prognostic index scores obtained |
| Pan | 204 | 103 (50.5) | 35 (17.2) | 4 (2) | 81 (39.7) | 2 (1) | No | Small sample, not test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the stool |
| Sierpiński | 1942 | 1041 (53.6) | 470 (24.2) | No | 913 (47) | No | No | Nonhospitalized patients |
| Lin | 95 | 58 (61.1) | 23 (24.2) | 21 (22.1) | 17 (17.9) | 2 (2.1) | No | 49.5% cases exhibited GI symptoms during hospitalization |
| Cao | 157 | 63 (40.1) | 25 (15.9) | 21 (13.4) | 47 (30) | No | No | Lack of data of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on COVID- GI specimens |
| Nobel | 278 | 97 (35) | 56 (20.1) | 63 (22.6) | No | No | Yes, better | Short follow-up time |
| Kaafarani | 141 | 64 (45) | 42 (29.8) | 31 (22.0) | No | 21 (14.9) | Yes, worse | Critically ill patients |
| Renelus | 734 | 231 (31.5) | 149 (20.3) | 171 (23.3) | No | 68 (9.3) | Yes, better | Possible selection bias, only hospitalized patients |
| Moura | 400 | 133 (33.3) | 69 (17.3) | 85 (21.3) | 46 (11.5) | 24 (6.00) | No | Possible selection bias, only hospitalized patients |
| Redd | 318 | 195 (61.3) | 107 (33.7) | 133 (41.8) | 110 (34.8) | 46 (14.5) | No | Lack of validated symptom instruments, exclusion of ambulatory patients |
| Zhan | 405 | 248 (61.2) | 112 (27.7) | 76 (18.8) | 170 (42) | 41 (10.1) | Yes, worse | Only hospitalized patients |
| Cholankeril | 207 | 70 (33.8) | 32 (15.5) | 32 (15.5) | No | 14 (7.1) | Yes, worse | Initial experience treating COVID-19, short study duration, unable to further assess hospitalization outcomes |
| Chen | 101 | 75 (74) | 51 (50) | 44 (43.6) | 54 (53) | 26 (26) | No | Prospective case-control study, mostly with outpatients, with mild to moderate symptoms |
- Citation: Oikonomou KG, Papamichalis P, Zafeiridis T, Xanthoudaki M, Papapostolou E, Valsamaki A, Bouliaris K, Papamichalis M, Karvouniaris M, Vlachostergios PJ, Skoura AL, Komnos A. Gastroenterology and liver disease during COVID-19 and in anticipation of post-COVID-19 era: Current practice and future directions. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(19): 4918-4938
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i19/4918.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4918