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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Clin Cases. Jul 6, 2021; 9(19): 4918-4938
Published online Jul 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4918
Published online Jul 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4918
Table 1 Gastro-intestinal symptoms (frequency < 30%) and correlation with the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019
| Ref. | No. of patients | Frequency of GI symptoms, n (%) | Diarrhea, n (%) | Nausea or vomiting, n (%) | Loss of appetite, n (%) | Abdominal pain, n (%) | Correlation with worse or better clinical course | Comments/limitations |
| Jin et al[119] | 651 | 74 (11.4) | 53 (8.1) | 21 (3.2) | No | No | Yes, worse | Not prospective or cohort study |
| Papa | 34 | 3 (8.8) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.9) | No | 1 (2.9) | Yes, better | Limited number of patients, possible underestimation of GI-symptoms and digestive comorbidities |
| Zheng | 1320 | 192 (14.6) | 107 (8.1) | 57 (4.3) | 62 (4.7) | 11 (0.8) | Yes, worse | Single-center, small sample, mild and common type patients |
| Ai | 142 | 7 (4.9) | 6 (4.2) | 6 (4.2) | 7 (4.9) | 6 (4.2) | No | The lowest prevalence |
| Zhang | 788 | 88 (11.2) | NA | NA | No | No | Yes, worse | Laboratory results not included in ordinal logistic regression model |
| Zhou | 254 | 66 (26) | 46 (18.1) | 36 (14.2) | No | 3 (1.2) | No | Most cases were clinically confirmed patients, difficulty in assessing clinical outcomes |
| Lei | 115 | 32 (27.8) | 14 (12.2) | 9 (7.83) | 9 (7.83) | No | No | Single-center, selection bias, patients with mild manifestations excluded, aged patients, follow-up data not provided |
| Remes-Troche | 112 | 23 (20.5) | 20 (17.8) | 8 (7.1) | No | 11 (9.8) | No | Possible selection bias |
| Ramachandran | 150 | 31 (20.6) | 22 (14.7) | 16 (10.7) | No | 3 (2) | No | Possible selection bias, No test for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA |
| Aghemo | 292 | 69/245 (28.2) | 69/255 (27.1) | 11/274 (4.0) | No | No | Yes, better | Patients admitted in critical conditions were excluded |
| Ferm et al[128] | 892 | 219 (24.6) | 177 (19.8) | 239 (26.8) | 105 (11.8) | 70 (7.8) | No | Collection of data limited by recall bias of both patients and health care professionals |
| Luo | 1141 | 183 (16) | 68 (6) | 134 (11.7) | 180 (15.8) | 45 (3.8) | No | Hospitalized patients, only gastro-intestinal (no respiratory) symptoms |
- Citation: Oikonomou KG, Papamichalis P, Zafeiridis T, Xanthoudaki M, Papapostolou E, Valsamaki A, Bouliaris K, Papamichalis M, Karvouniaris M, Vlachostergios PJ, Skoura AL, Komnos A. Gastroenterology and liver disease during COVID-19 and in anticipation of post-COVID-19 era: Current practice and future directions. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9(19): 4918-4938
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i19/4918.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4918