Roles of vitamin A in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis

Table 3 The effects of vitamin A supplement, vitamin A status and retinoic acid treatment on the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity, mRNA and protein levels in cells and tissues

Treatments	Tissue/cells	Activity	mRNA	Protein levels	Ref.
Vitamin A supplement	Mouse liver	ND	No change	ND	Weiss et al[69]
	Mouse liver	ND	Increased	ND	Miller et al[70]
Vitamin A restriction	Muscle tissues of the Japanese Black steers	ND	No change	ND	Hayashi et al[66]
Vitamin A deficiency	Rat liver	ND	Reduced	No change	Raja Gopal Reddy et al[68]
	Rat kidney	ND	No change	No change	Gopal Reddy et al[71]
	Rat pancreas	ND	ND	Reduced	Raja Gopal Reddy et al[72]
	Rat liver microsomal	Increased	ND	ND	Alam et al[74]
RA treatments	3T3-L1 cells	ND	ND	Reduced	Stone and Bernlohr[77]
	Human retinal cells	ND	Induced	ND	Samuel et al[78]

ND: Not determined; RA: Retinoic acid.