Roles of vitamin A in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis

Table 2 Effects of vitamin A supplementation, vitamin A status, and retinoic acid treatment on the Fas mRNA and fatty acid synthase protein levels in cells and tissues

Treatment	Tissue/cells	FAS activity	Fas mRNA	Protein levels	Ref.
Vitamin A supplementation	Perirenal fat depot of lamb	Reduced	ND	ND	Arana et al[44]
	Adipose tissue of yearling beef steers	No change	ND	ND	Bryant et al[45]
Vitamin A deficiency	ZL rat liver	ND	Not changed in ad libitum	Reduced in the refeeding of a VAS diet	Li et al[33]
	ZL and ZF rat liver	ND	Reduced in 6 h-fasting	ND	Zhang et al[48]
RA treatments	Rat fetus lung	Reduce GC-induced activity	Reduced GC-induced Fas	ND	Xu et al[46]
	Mouse EWAT	ND	Reduces Fas	ND	Amengual et al[47]
	3T3-L1 cells	ND	Induced at 25 mmol/L glucose, and reduced at 5.5 mmol/L glucose	ND	Abd Eldaim et al[49]
	3T3-L1 cells	ND	Reduced		Abd Eldaim et al[50] and Murray et al[51]
	Human AML-I preadipocytes	ND	Induced	ND	Morikawa et al[52]
	Primary rat hepatocytes	ND	Synergized with insulin to induce Fas	ND	Li et al[14]
	HepG2 cells	ND	Induced FAS	Induced FAS	Roder et al[55] and Amengual et al[56]
	LNCaP prostate cells	ND	Induced FAS	ND	Duncan and Archer[60]

GC: Glucocorticoid; EWAT: Epididymal white adipose tissue; FAS: Fatty acid synthase; ND: Not determined; RA: Retinoic acid; VAD: Vitamin A deficiency; ZL: Zucker lean; ZF: Zucker fatty; VAS: Vitamin A sufficient.