COVID-19 in gastroenterology and hepatology: Lessons learned and questions to be answered

Table 2 Clinical studies concerning the serum index of liver function in patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Ref.	n	Countries	Research type	Liver chemistry abnormalities
				Abnormal AST, ALT, LDH	Bilirubin, ALP	Decreased albumin	Prolonged PT
Chen et al[6]	99	China	Retrospective, single center study	AST: 35%, ALT: 28%, LDH: 76%	BIL: 18%	98%	5%
Liu et al[29]	Nonsevere (28), severe (4)	China	Retrospective, multicenter study	Nonsevere: AST: 3.6%, ALT: 21%; Severe: AST: 25.0%, ALT: 75.0%	ND	ND	ND
Guan et al[3]	Nonsevere (926), severe (173)	China	Retrospective	Nonsevere: AST: 18.2%, ALT: 19.8%, LDH: 37.2%; Severe: AST: 39.4%, ALT: 28.1%, LDH: 58.1%	Nonsevere: BIL: 9.9%; Severe: BIL: 13.3%	ND	ND
Zhou et al[30]	Nonsurvivor (54), survivor (137)	China	Retrospective, multicenter cohort study	Nonsurvivor: ALT: 48%, LDH: 98%; survivor: ALT: 24%, LDH: 54%	ND	ND	Nonsurvivor: 13%;Survivor3%
Wang et al[11]	138	China	Retrospective, single center study	LDH: 39.9%	ND	ND	58.0%
Xu et al[9]	62	China	Retrospective	AST: 16%, LDH: 27%	ND	ND	ND
Wu et al[49]	80	China	Retrospective, multicenter study	AST: 3.75%, ALT: 3.75%, LDH: 21.25%	BIL: 1.25%	2.50%	ND
Shi et al[8]	81	China	Retrospective, descriptive study	AST: 53%	ND	ND	ND

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine transferase; AST: Aspartate transferase; BIL: Bilirubin; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; ND: Not mentioned; PT: Prothrombin time.