Haemangiomas in the urinary bladder: Two case reports

Table 1 Literature review of the reported cases of clinicopathologic characteristics of haemangioma in the bladder

Ref.	Case No.	Sex/Age in yr	Clinical manifestation	Site	Tumour size	Pathologic examination	Treatment	Follow-up (mo)
Kato et al[12], 2000	1	F/8	Gross haematuria, Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome	The apex of the bladder	4.0 cm	NA	Nd: YAG laser	NED (10)
Pratap et al[13], 2007	2	M/5	Gross haematuria accompanied by lower abdominal pain	The dome and the posterolateral bladder wall	5.0 cm	Cavernous haemangiolymphangioma	Partial cystectomy	NED (8)
Tavora et al[5], 2008	3	F/19	Haematuria alone	Not mentioned	1.1 cm	Cavernous haemangioma	Biopsy	LFU
	4	M/67	Haematuria combined with pain	Not mentioned	3.2 cm	Capillary haemangioma	Biopsy	NED (24)
	5	F/85	Asymptomatic	Not mentioned	2.4 cm	Capillary haemangioma	Biopsy	NED (4)
Macedo et al[14], 2010	6	F/7	Mild haematuria with clots	Supratrigonal lateral and posterior bladder wall	Numerous haemangiomas	NA	Electrocautery	NED (6)
Ashley et al[15], 2010	7	F/3	Gross haematuria	Posterior and left lateral bladder wall	4.0 cm	Cavernous haemangioma lymphangioma	Cystoscopic illuminated partial cystectomy	NA
Takemoto et al[16], 2011	8	M/4	Gross haematuria	Anterior wall, dome, and right lateral bladder wall	Covered about 60% of the bladder	NA	Nd: YAG/ holmium: YAG laser	NED (24)
Mager et al[17], 2014	9	M/46	Disabling lower urinary tract symptoms	Prostate, the seminal vesicle, and the bladder neck	Not mentioned	NA	Interventional superselective coiling of the arterial feeder	NED (6)
Jibhkate et al[18], 2015	10	M/3	Gross haematuria accompanied by lower abdominal pain	The dome of the bladder	7.0 cm	Cavernous haemangioma	Partial cystectomy	NED (12)
Kim et al[6], 2015	11	M/4	Intermittent and recurrent painless gross haematuria	The bladder dome and along the lateral aspects	1.3 cm	Cavernous haemangioma	Coagulated with a holmium laser	NA
Lahyani et al[19], 2015	12	M/60	Macroscopic haematuria	The dome of the bladder	Not mentioned	Cavernous haemangioma	Partial cystectomy and augmentation cystoplasty	NA
Jin et al[20], 2016	13	M/46	Asymptomatic	The right bladder wall	1.4 cm	Intramural anastomosing haemangioma	Partial cystectomy	NA
de Sousa et al[21], 2017	14	M/2	Persistent gross haematuria	The dome of the bladder	Not mentioned	Cavernous haemangioma	Partial cystectomy	NA
Hu et al[9], 2018	15	F/49	Painless haematuria	The superior posterior wall	1.0 cm	Cavernous haemangioma	Transurethral tumour resection	NED (18)
Syu et al[22], 2019	16	M/17	Painless gross haematuria	The superior anterior wall	3.5 cm	Cavernous haemangioma	En bloc resection of the urachus and bladder tumour with opened surgery	NED (24)
This report	17	F/44	Painless gross haematuria	The superior anterior wall	5.0 cm	Cavernous haemangioma	Open radical cystectomy	NED (36)
	18	F/31	Asymptomatic	The right anterior wall	6.9 cm	Cavernous lymphangioma and haemangioma	Laparoscopic partial cystectomy	NED (12)

LFU: Lost to follow-up; NA: Not available; Nd: Neodymium; NED: No evidence of disease; YAG: Yttrium-aluminium-garnet.