COVID-19 impact on the liver

Table 1 Biochemical changes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and pre-existing chronic liver diseases in clinical trials

Ref.	Patients with COVID-19	Patients with abnormal liver function (%)	Patients with pre-existing liver diseases (%)
Guan et al[67]	1099	21.3 abnormal ALT; 22.2 abnormal AST	2.3
Huang et al[68]	41	31	2
Chen et al[39]	99	43	NA
Wang et al[69]	138	NA	2.9
Shi et al[70]	81	53.1	8.6
Xu et al[71]	62	16.1	11
Yang et al[72]	52	29	NA
Zhang et al[3]	56	28.6	3.6
Cai et al[25]	298	14.8 abnormal ALT; 8.7 abnormal AST	2.7
Cao et al[26]	128	43.8 abnormal ALT; 44.1 abnormal AST	NA
Zhang et al[73]	82	30.6 abnormal ALT; 61.1 abnormal AST; 30.6 abnormal TBIL	2.4
Fan et al[74]	148	21.6 abnormal AST; 18.2 abnormal ALT; 17.6 abnormal GGT; 6.1 abnormal TBIL	NA
Huang et al[75]	36	13.3 abnormal ALT; 58.1 abnormal AST; 12.9 abnormal TBIL	NA
Li et al[76]	85	24.7 abnormal ALT	7.05
Xie et al[77]	79	31.6 abnormal ALT; 35.4 abnormal AST; 5.1 abnormal TBIL	0
Zhang et al[78]	115	9.57 abnormal ALT; 4.78 abnormal AST	0
Zhao et al[79]	19	27.78 abnormal ALT; 44.4 abnormal AST; GGT	5.26
Sultan et al[32]	Meta-analysis of 47 studies 10890 patients	15.0 abnormal AST; 15.0 abnormal ALT; 16.7 abnormal TBIL	NA
Effenber et al[17]	96	42 abnormal AST	NA
Mantovani et al[80]	Meta-analysis of11 studies 2034 patients	NA	3
Hundt et al[81]	1827	Abnormal at admission (AST 66.9, ALT 41.6, ALP 13.5, and TBIL 4.3) and peak hospitalization (AST 83.4, ALT 61.6, ALP 22.7, and TBIL 16.1)	NA
Cai et al[24]	417	76.3 abnormal ALT, AST, TBIL and GGT	NA
Wang et al[8]	156	41.0 abnormal ALT and, AST	NA
Velarde-Ruiz Velasco et al[82]	99	35 abnormal AST; 28 abnormal ALT; 98 abnormal albumin	NA
Our unpublished data	849	38.39 abnormal ALT39.33 abnormal AST3.18 abnormal TBIL	3.65

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; NA: Not available.