Effectiveness of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in patients with severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients with severe coronavirus disease-19

Variables	Total (n = 75)	Corticosteroid group (n = 47)	Non-corticosteroid group (n = 28)	P value
Demographic factors
Male (%)	39 (52.00)	25 (53.19)	14 (50.00)	0.789
Age (%)	58.92 ± 14.29	57.09 ± 13.74	62.00 ± 14.90	0.151
Smoking (%)	9 (12.00)	8 (17.02)	1 (3.57)	0.083
APACHE II	7.97 ± 3.37	8.24 ± 3.57	7.52 ± 3.02	0.382
Comorbidity
Hypertension (%)	13 (17.33)	7 (14.89)	6 (21.43)	0.470
Diabetes (%)	19 (25.33)	13 (27.66)	6 (21.43)	0.548
CHD (%)	4 (5.33)	2 (4.26)	2 (7.14)	0.590
COPD (%)	7 (9.33)	3 (6.38)	4 (14.28)	0.437
Cerebrovascular disease (%)	1 (1.33)	1 (2.13)	0	1.000
Viral hepatitis (%)	1 (1.33)	1 (2.13)	0	1.000
Tumor (%)	2 (2.67)	1 (2.13)	1 (3.57)	0.707
CKD (%)	1 (1.33)	1 (2.13)	0	1.000
Symptoms
Fever (%)	46 (61.33)	31 (65.96)	15 (53.57)	0.287
Cough (%)	57 (76.00)	37 (78.72)	20 (71.43)	0.474
Sputum (%)	26 (34.67)	15 (31.91)	11 (39.29)	0.516
Dyspnea (%)	40 (53.33)	30 (63.83)	10 (35.71)	0.018
Weakness (%)	22 (29.33)	12 (25.53)	10 (35.71)	0.349
Headache (%)	8 (10.67)	4 (8.51)	4 (14.28)	0.433
Diarrhea (%)	6 (8.00)	3 (6.38)	3 (10.71)	0.819
Complication
Shock (%)	3 (4.00)	3 (6.38)	0	0.450
Leukopenia (%)	4 (5.33)	3 (6.38)	1 (3.57)	0.600
Thrombocytopenia (%)	2 (2.67)	2 (4.26)	0	0.715
Liver dysfunction (%)	3 (4.00)	2 (4.26)	1 (3.57)	0.884
AKI (%)	2 (2.67)	1 (2.13)	1 (3.57)	0.707
Cardiac injury (%)	2 (2.67)	2 (4.26)	0	0.715

AKI: Acute kidney injury; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health assessment; CHD: Coronary heart disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment.