Burden of atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatic diseases

Table 1 Patient-level characteristics of rheumatic diseases hospitalizations with atrial fibrillation compared to those without atrial fibrillation, n (%)

Characteristics	Total	RD with AF	RD without AF	P value
	n = 3949203	n = 944705 (23.9%)	n = 3004498 (76.1%)
Age				< 0.001
Age, yr, mean ± SD	67.6 ± 15	75.4 ± 10.8	65.1 ± 15.3
Gender				< 0.001
Male	1811949 (45.9)	514495 (54.5)	1297454 (43.2)
Female	2135719 (54.1)	429900 (45.5)	1705819 (56.8)
Missing-1535
Race				< 0.001
Caucasians	2675194 (67.7)	721595 (76.4)	1953599 (65)
African-Americans	653520 (16.5)	110355 (11.7)	543165 (18.1)
Others	620455 (15.7)	112750 (11.9)	507705 (16.9)
Comorbidities
Congestive heart failure	682755(17.3)	290870 (30.8)	391885 (13)	< 0.001
Coronary arterial disease	1236959 (31.3)	444550 (47.1)	792410 (26.4)	< 0.001
Valvular disease	188325 (4.8)	73870 (7.8)	114455 (3.8)	< 0.001
Obstructive sleep apnea	504430 (12.8)	165060 (17.5)	339370 (11.3)	< 0.001
Chronic pulmonary disease	954299 (24.2)	259025 (27.4)	695275 (23.1)	< 0.001
Hypertension	2536294 (64.2)	609890 (64.6)	1926404 (64.1)	< 0.001
Diabetes w/o chronic complications	545765 (13.8)	129010 (13.7)	416755 (13.9)	< 0.001
Diabetes w/ chronic complications	676450 (17.1)	193330 (20.5)	483120(16.1)	< 0.001
Pulmonary Hypertension	286580 (7.3)	135975 (14.4)	150605 (5)	< 0.001
Hypothyroidism	628090 (15.9)	161685 (17.1)	466405 (15.5)	< 0.001
Renal failure	1054424 (26.7)	344655 (36.5)	709770 (23.6)	< 0.001
Obesity	716165 (18.1)	166220 (17.6)	549945 (18.3)	< 0.001
Alcohol abuse	123780 (3.1)	20585 (2.2)	103195 (3.4)	< 0.001
Drug abuse	99110 (2.5)	10800 (1.1)	88310 (2.9)	< 0.001
Outcomes
In-hospital mortality, Missing-3435	94495 (2.4)	37965 (4)	56530 (1.9)	< 0.001
		Adjusted mortality ratio1: 1.46 (1.43-1.48)
Length of stay, d, mean ± SD	5.3 ± 5.9	6 ± 6.1	5.1 ± 5.9	< 0.001
Hospitalization cost, $, mean ± SD	14419 ± 18731	15816 ± 20764	13981 ± 18023	< 0.001
Disposition				< 0.001
Discharge to home	2051184 (51.9)	380575 (40.3)	1670609 (55.6)
Transfer (to skilled nursing facility, intermediate-care facility, or another type of facility)	881490 (22.3)	281705 (29.8)	599785 (19.9)
Home health care	795225 (20.1)	214655 (22.7)	580570 (19.3)
Against medical advice	33465 (0.8)	4295 (0.5)	29170 (0.9)
Missing-3435

¹Adjusted mortality ratio: adjusted with age, gender, race, and the above comorbidities in the table. AF: Atrial fibrillation; RD: Rheumatic diseases; SD: Standard deviation.