Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of deviations from a clinical pathway on outcomes following pancreatoduodenectomy

Table 1 Summary of studies included in the analysis along with details of the clinical pathway, compliance and comparison between groups

Ref.	Study design	n	Age (yr)	Number of clinical pathway factors	Overall compliance (%)	Comparison groups (% of compliance)	NOS
Braga et al[16], 2014	Prospective	115	69 (61-74)	12 (4 Pre- + 3 Intra- + 5 Post-op)	NA	No group stratification	-
Zouros et al[17], 20161	Prospective	75	65.9 ± 10.5	5 (Post-op)	NA	100% (n = 53) vs < 100% (n = 22)	7
Kagedan et al[18], 20171	Retrospective	82	65 (56-74)	4 (Post-op)	NA	100% (n = 134) vs < 100% (n = 134)	6
Tremblay St-Germain et al[20], 2017	Retrospective	83	65 (29-85)	8 (Post-op)	NA	No group stratification	-
Agarwal et al[23], 2018	Prospective	394	55 (18-81)	13 (6 Pre + 4 Intra- + 3 Post-op)	84	≥ 80% (n = 278) vs < 80% (n = 116)	-
Williamsson et al[24], 20191	Retrospective	160	66-69	8 (Post-op)	52	≥ 50% (n = 134) vs < 50% (n = 26)	7
Karunakaran et al[6], 20201	Retrospective	162	59 (19-84)	8 (Post-op)	53	≥ 50% (n = 98) vs < 50% (n = 64)	7
Roulin et al[10], 2020	Prospective	390	65.3 ± 11.6	19 (7 Pre + 3 Intra- + 9 Post-op)	62 (30 for post-operative components)	≥ 70% (n = 85) vs < 70% (n = 305)	-
Tankel et al[21], 2020	Prospective	97	68 (17-85)	7 (Post-op)	NA	No group stratification	-
Capretti et al[22], 20201	Prospective	205	64.7 ± 13.7	16 (5 Pre + 5 Intra- + 6 Post-op)	68.4	100% (n = 52) vs < 100% (n = 152)	7
St-Amour et al[19], 2020	Retrospective	89	68 (61-73)	NA	63 (36 for post-op)	≥ 67% vs < 67%	-

¹Included in the meta-analysis. NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa scale; NA: Not available.