Clinical diagnosis of severe COVID-19: A derivation and validation of a prediction rule

Table 3 Risk factors of severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR	P value	OR	P value
Age ≥ 60 yr	6.821 (3.224-14.431)	0.000	-	-
Sex	3.587 (1.624-7.924)	0.002	-	-
BMI	2.701 (1.727-4.224)	0.000	3.939 (1.409-11.015)	0.009
Illness onset at admission	5.025 (2.418-10.441)	0.000	7.107 (1.449-34.849)	0.016
Smoker	4.060 (1.912-8.621)	0.000	-	-
Dry cough	3.395 (1.604-7.184)		-	-
Productive sputum	2.612 (1.284-5.312)	0.008	-	-
Fever	4.615 (1.948-10.935)	0.001	6.794(1.401-32.951)	0.017
Shortness of breath	3.312 (1.161-9.448)	0.025	-	-
Fatigue	3.450 (1.661-7.164)	0.001	-	-
Charlson index	2.371 (1.813-3.100)	0.000	2.917 (1.279-6.654)	0.011
PaO2/FiO2	11.804 (5.028-27.714)	0.000	17.570 (1.117-276.832)	0.041
Platelet count	0.423 (0.180-0.992)	0.048	-	-
NLR	3.766 (2.271-6.245)	0.000	3.574 (1.048-12.191)	0.042
D-Dimer	4.385 (2.102-9.148)	0.000	-	-
ESR	11.023 (2.583-47.048)	0.001	-	-
hs-CRP	4.314 (2.359-7.887)	0.000	-	-
AST	6.332 (2.753-14.563)	0.000	-	-
Cr	16.258 (3.994-66.188)	0.000	-	-
IL-6	2.346 (1.224-4.494)	0.010	-	-
PCT	3.961 (1.062-14.772)	0.040	-	-
ROX	0.237 (0.111-0.505)	0.000	-	-

BMI: Body mass index; NLR: Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; IL: Interleukin; PCT: Procalcitonin.