Paradoxical relationship between proton pump inhibitors and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 5 After the virus binds to its respective receptors, a "dimple" forms on the host cell membrane. This inward fold resulting from the initial endocytosis gives rise to the formation of a clathrin-coated vesicle (early endosome). Later, the vesicle loses this coating (late endosome) and merges with the lysosome for degradation. SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ACE-2: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2; TMPRSS2: Serine protease transmembrane 2; V-ATPase: Vacuolar ATPase.