COVID-19: An overview and a clinical update

Table 2 Summary of potential treatment agents and mechanisms of action for coronavirus disease-2019 infections

Potential treatment agents	Mechanism of action
Corticosteroid	Anti-inflammatory effect
Remdesivirand ribavirin	Inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Interferon therapy	Inhibition of viral entry, transcription, replication, translation, assembly
Proteaseinhibitors (lopinavir/ritonavir)	Inhibition of papain-like protease and 3C-like protease
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine	Inhibition of endosomal acidification and negatively influences virus–receptor binding, as well as interfere with the glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV
Oseltamivir	Neuraminidase inhibitor
Tocilizumab	A recombinant monoclonal antibody that competitively inhibits the binding of IL-6 to its receptor.
Convalescent plasma	Neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

RNA: Ribonucleic acid; IL-6: Interleukin-6; SARS-CoV: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus.