Clinical characteristics and 28-d outcomes of bacterial infections in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Table 2 Characteristics of all the 241 episodes of bacterial infections in the overall study collective

Characteristic	Total (n = 241)	AD (n = 47)	ACLF (n = 194)	χ2 value	P value
Source of acquisition
CA BIs (%)	35 (14.5)	9 (19.1)	26 (13.4)	1.007	0.316
HCA BIs (%)	117 (48.5)	27 (57.4)	90 (46.4)	1.851	0.174
Nosocomial BIs (%)	89 (36.9)	11 (23.4)	78 (40.2)	4.586	0.032
Site of BIs
Pneumonia (%)	93 (38.6)	14 (29.8)	79 (40.7)	1.909	0.167
SBP (%)	87 (36.1)	20 (42.6)	67 (34.5)	1.054	0.305
BSI (%)	32 (13.3)	6 (12.8)	26 (13.4)	0.013	0.908
Other BIs (%)	29 (12.0)	7 (14.9)	22 (11.3)	0.451	0.502
SBE (%)	11 (4.6)	3 (6.4)	8 (4.1)	0.076	0.782
UTI (%)	7 (2.9)	3 (6.4)	4 (2.1)	1.207	0.272
Cellulitis (%)	2 (0.8)	0 (0.0)	2 (1.0)	Fisher	1.000
Unproven BIs (%)	9 (3.7)	1 (2.1)	8 (4.1)	0.048	0.827

χ² value and P value represent the comparison between the AD and ACLF groups. BIs: Bacterial infections; AD: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; ACLF: Acute decompensation; CA: Community-acquired; HCA: Healthcare-associated; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; BSI: Bloodstream infection; SBE: Spontaneous bacterial empyema; UTI: Urinary tract infection.